Economic feasibility, perception of farmers, and environmental sustainability index of sorghum-eucalyptus agroforestry

Komalawati, .; Hidayat, S.; Praptana, R.H.; Pertiwi, M.D.; Romdon, A.S.; Hidayat, Y.; Ramadhan, R.P.; Yuniati, D.; Saptana, .; Syahyuti, .; Khaririyatun, N.; Ika, S.; Jatuningtyas, R.K.; Subiharta, .; Hayati, R.N.; Sudarto, S.; Yufdy, M.P.; Nuryanto, B.; Prasetyo, A.

doi:10.22034/gjesm.2024.02.15

Document Type : ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

Authors

¹ Research Center for Cooperatives, Corporation, and People’s Economy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Jend. Gatot Subroto, Jakarta 12710, Indonesia

² Research Center for Food Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bogor-Jakarta, Cibinong Bogor 16911, Indonesia

³ Research Center for Sustainable Production System and Life Cycle Assessment, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia

⁴ Research Center for Behavioral and Circular Economics, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia

⁵ Research Center for Animal Husbandary, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bogor-Jakarta, Cibinong Science Center, Bogor 16915, Indonesia

⁶ Research Center for Horticultural and Estate Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Ja-karta-Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, Indonesia

https://doi.org/10.22034/gjesm.2024.02.15

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The Indonesian Government is promoting sorghum as an alternative commodity to substitute wheat. The cultivation of this commodity on dryland is initiated in forestry areas through social programs. This study aimed to analyze the economic feasibility, perception of farmers, and environmental sustainability of sorghum-eucalyptus agroforestry in Majalengka.
METHODS: This study innovatively combined qualitative and quantitative methods to assess economic, social, and environmental aspects across five dimensions, namely business organization, actors, working mechanisms, economic impacts, and sustainability of business and environment. Data were collected through focus group discussions and interviews with questionnaires, containing 5 dimensions and 23 attributes. The data collected were analyzed using the revenue-cost ratio, Likert scale, and scoring formulation, as well as multi-dimensional scale method. The level of environmental sustainability status and leverage attributes were examined using the Rapfish program and Monte Carlo analysis.
FINDINGS: Sorghum-eucalyptus agroforestry was economically feasible with a revenue-cost ratio value higher than one. Farmers’ perceptions regarding the five dimensions of sorghum-eucalyptus were positive except for the operational mechanisms, and business and environmental sustainability. A distinfuished area of unfavorable perception was the use of sorghum waste as a substrate for renewable energy. The environmental sustainability index for sorghum-eucalyptus agroforestry was categorized as low except for the economic (61.9) and actor (52.3) which attained the moderately sustainable. The results showed that the sustainability analysis using multi-dimensional scale could be used as a guide in formulating strategies for enhancing and developing sorghum-eucalyptus agroforestry in the future.
CONCLUSION: The problems in this study were related to the institutional governance of agroforestry business. The inclusion of the community, government, and private sector was unequal in carrying out the sustainability function of each dimension. The challenge for the future was proper and sustainable management of development efforts to realize economic sustainability, add value for society, and ensure environmental sustainability in agroforestry areas.

Graphical Abstract

Highlights

Sorghum-eucalyptus agroforestry is feasible to develop in Majalengka with its main income coming from main crops and ratoon maintenance;
The community perceived access to technology, capital, market, as well as supports from the government and private sectors as the most crucial factors for the successfull of sorghum-eucalyptus agroforestry farming;
The environmental sustainability of sorghum-eucalyptus agroforestry in Majalengka is categorized as low in almost all dimensions, except for economic and actor dimensions;
The novelty of this study is innovative approaches in assessing the environmental sustainability of sorghum-eucalyptus agroforestry business across economic, social, and environmental aspects, using five dimensions as benchmarks.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Sustainable agriculture management

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[1] Letters that include statements of statistics, facts, research, or theories should include appropriate references, although more than three are discouraged.
[2] Letters that are personal attacks on an author rather than thoughtful criticism of the author’s ideas will not be considered for publication.
[3] Letters can be no more than 300 words in length.
[4] Letter writers should include a statement at the beginning of the letter stating that it is being submitted either for publication or not.
[5] Anonymous letters will not be considered.
[6] Letter writers must include their city and state of residence or work.
[7] Letters will be edited for clarity and length.