Carbon stock dynamics of forest to oil palm plantation conversion for ecosystem rehabilitation planning

Frianto, D.; Sutrisno, E.; Wahyudi, A.; Novriyanti, E.; Adinugroho, W.C.; Yunianto, A.S.; Kurniawan, H.; Khotimah, H.; Windyoningrum, A.; Dharmawan, I.W.S.; Tata, H.L.; Suharti, S.; Rachmat, H.H.; Lim, E.M.

doi:10.22034/gjesm****04.22

Articles in Press

Document Type : ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

Authors

¹ Office for Standard Implementation of Environment and Forestry Instrument Kuok, Ministry of Environment and Forestry Republic of Indonesia

² Research Center for Biomass and Bioproduct, Research Organization for Life Science and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, 169111, Indonesia

³ Research Center for Ecology and Ethnobiology, Research Organization for Life Science and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, 169111, Indonesia

⁴ Research Center for Behavioral and Circular Economics, Research Organization for Governance, Economy, and Public Welfare, the National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, 169111, Indonesia

⁵ Center for Standardization of Sustainable Forest Management Instruments, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Bogor, Indonesia

⁶ Department of Environmental Planning, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea

https://doi.org/10.22034/gjesm****04.22

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Efforts to enhance carbon stocks and boost carbon absorption potential are essential for climate change mitigation. Peatland ecosystems, known for their high organic content, are particularly vulnerable to environmental management. The study aimed to examine the alterations in land use and land cover that occurred between 1998 and 2022, spanning a 24-year duration. Additionally, it sought to assess the associated variations in carbon stocks within the designated Kepau Jaya specific purpose forest area. The area under investigation encompasses a peatland ecosystem that has experienced substantial changes in land cover and land use. This study investigated the fluctuations in carbon stock caused by these alterations and provides valuable perspectives on the potential of agroforestry systems to promote a wider range of land uses. Additionally, it highlights their role in ecosystem restoration initiatives and the better management of forest peatland regions.
METHODS: A spatial analysis was conducted on Landsat 5 and 8 satellite images by using shapefile data stored within the Google Earth Engine platform. Data analysis was carried out using Classification and Regression Tree, a decision tree algorithm used in machine learning for guided classification. Furthermore, purposive sampling was utilized to gather socioeconomic data, followed by the implementation of a benefit-cost analysis.
FINDINGS: The results revealed significant changes in the land cover within the Kepau Jaya specific purpose forest area over a 24-year period, with forested areas and open areas decreasing by 23.15 hectares per year and 16.94 hectares per year respectively, and oil palm plantation areas expanding by 40.10 hectares per year. From 1998 to 2022, there has been a consistent annual decline in carbon stocks, resulting in a reduction of 1,933.11 tons of carbon per year. The changes in land use and cover are closely linked to this decline. In an effort to increase plant species diversity in the area and support the gradual transition away from monoculture, a participatory agroforestry scheme was implemented by intercropping Coffea liberica and Shorea balangeran between oil palm rows in a 2-hectare oil palm plantation block within the agroforestry demonstration plot. According to measurements taken at breast height, the aboveground biomass of these species was measured, leading to projected estimates of carbon stocks in Kepau Jaya specific purpose forest area reaching 19,455 tonnes of carbon by the year 2030, with Coffea liberica contributing 4,148 tonnes carbon and Shorea balangeran contributing 15,307 tonnes carbon.
CONCLUSION: The study area experienced a substantial reduction in forest cover, whereas the extent of oil palm areas expanded significantly. The findings underscore the need for proactive measures to strengthen the governance of specific-purpose forest areas through community empowerment and the establishment of demonstration plots to promote agroforestry development. The results of this study provide insights for long-term forest rehabilitation strategies aimed at fostering sustainable forest management that yields environmental and socio-economic benefits in the long run.

Graphical Abstract

Highlights

The Kepau Jaya Specific Purpose Forest Area (SPFA) endured a significant decline in forested areas while palm oil plantation areas increased extensively;
The forested areas (reduced by 23.15 ha/year), open area (decreased by 16.94 ha/year), and palm oil plantations (increased by 40.10 (ha/year);
The land cover changes are correlated to a potential decrease of 1,933.11 tC/year in carbon reserves or approximately 46,394.64 tons over 24 years from 1998 to 2022;
An agroforestry scheme was proposed to enhance plant diversification and commodities with high economic values were recommended as intercrops to reduce land conflicts and prevent forest conversion.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Environmental impact assessment

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Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management

Carbon stock dynamics of forest to oil palm plantation conversion for ecosystem rehabilitation planning

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Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 01 May 2024

Carbon stock dynamics of forest to oil palm plantation conversion for ecosystem rehabilitation planning

References

References

Letters to Editor

Send comment about this article

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript Available Online from 01 May 2024

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 01 May 2024