Surface runoff estimation in an upper watershed using geo-spatial based soil conservation service-curve number method

Odiji, C.A.; Aderoju, O.M.; Ekwe, M.C.; Oje, D.T.; Imhanfidon, J.O.

doi:10.22034/gjesm.2020.03.10

Document Type : CASE STUDY

Authors

¹ Department of Strategic Space Application, National Space Research and Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria

² Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Planning, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

https://doi.org/10.22034/gjesm.2020.03.10

Abstract

Runoff assessment and estimation is crucial for watershed management as it provides information that is needed to expedite the course of watershed planning and development. The most commonly used model due to its simplicity and versatility in runoff estimation is the soil conservation service curve number developed by the United States Department of Agriculture. The study estimates the surface runoff of Upper Benue watershed using a geospatial based soil conservation service curve number model. Datasets utilized for this purpose are; Rainfall, land use, digitial elevation model and FAO-Soil. The soil and land use data were intersected to create the curve number grid and database. The curve number grid combined with the mean annual rainfall data from 1990 – 2017 was used to estimate runoff. The result revealed that 61.5% of rainfall was direct runoff while 38.5% of the rainfall was retained by tree/plant cover and soil. The average curve number for the normal condition was calculated to be 80.1 while the dry and wet season was 59.6, and 93.2 respectively. The average runoff volume for 27 years was estimated to be 69,887.43mm3. A correlation coefficient of 0.79 was found for the relationship between rainfall and runoff. The research highlights the importance of geospatial technique when integrated with soil conservation service curve number to estimate runoff conditions in Upper Benue Watershed.

Graphical Abstract

Highlights

Estimation of surface runoff was done using DEM, Soil texture, Land use land cover and rainfall data
Result of the weighted CN is 80.1 indicating the flooding potential of the upper Benue watershed is high,
The smaller sub-watersheds with high runoff potential are prone to flash flood
It was estimated that the average annual runoff of the watershed for 27 years is 452.82mm resulting in the discharge of an estimated 69.887.43 mm3 of water.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Hydrology and water resources

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Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management

Surface runoff estimation in an upper watershed using geo-spatial based soil conservation service-curve number method

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Volume 6, Issue 3 - Serial Number 23
July 2020
Pages 415-428

Surface runoff estimation in an upper watershed using geo-spatial based soil conservation service-curve number method

References

References

Letters to Editor

Send comment about this article

Volume 6, Issue 3 - Serial Number 23July 2020Pages 415-428

Volume 6, Issue 3 - Serial Number 23
July 2020
Pages 415-428