GJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management2383-35723420171201Impact of silver ions and silver nanoparticles on the plant growth and soil microorganisms3413502545110.22034/gjesm.2017.03.04.001END. TomacheskiDepartamento de Engenharia de Materiais, Laboratório de Polímeros – LAPOL, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, 9500 Bento Gonçalves Avenue, Postal Code 15010, Porto Alegre 91501-970, BrazilSofter Brasil Compostos Termoplásticos, 275 Edgar Hoffmeister Avenue, Campo Bom 93700-000, BrazilM. PittolSofter Brasil Compostos Termoplásticos, 275 Edgar Hoffmeister Avenue, Campo Bom 93700-000, BrazilD.N. SimõesSofter Brasil Compostos Termoplásticos, 275 Edgar Hoffmeister Avenue, Campo Bom 93700-000, BrazilV.F. RibeiroDepartamento de Engenharia de Materiais, Laboratório de Polímeros – LAPOL, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, 9500 Bento Gonçalves Avenue, Postal Code 15010, Porto Alegre 91501-970, BrazilSofter Brasil Compostos Termoplásticos, 275 Edgar Hoffmeister Avenue, Campo Bom 93700-000, BrazilR.M.C. SantanaDepartamento de Engenharia de Materiais, Laboratório de Polímeros – LAPOL, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, 9500 Bento Gonçalves Avenue, Postal Code 15010, Porto Alegre 91501-970, BrazilJournal Article20170225There is a growing consumer market for products that proclaim to decrease microorganism counts to prevent infections. Most of these products are loaded with silver in its ionic or nanoparticle form. Through use or during production, these particles can find their way into the soil and cause an impact in microbial and plant communities. This study aims to evaluate the impact of silver based particles in <em>Avena byzantina</em> (oat), <em>Lactuca sativa</em> (lettuce) and <em>Raphanus sativus</em> (radish) development and in the soil microorganism abundance. Oat, lettuce and radish plants were cultivated in soil contaminated with particles of bentonite organomodified with silver (Ag<sup>+</sup>_bentonite), silver phosphate glass (Ag<sup>+</sup>_phosphate) and silver nanoparticles adsorbed on fumed silica (AgNp_silica). Plant development and microorganisms’ abundance were evaluated. To some degree, Ag<sup>+</sup>_bentonite impacted plants development and AgNp_silica causes an adverse effect on microbial abundance. The impact on plants and microorganisms was contradictory and varied according to soil and particles physicochemical characteristics.https://www.gjesm.net/article_25451_69c38211598d1577766f0a50989963d8.pdfGJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management2383-35723420171201Intraperitoneal fipronil effects on liver histopathological, biochemistry and morphology in Caspian kutum, Rutilus frisii kutum (Kamenskii, 1901)3513622527710.22034/gjesm.2017.03.04.002ENR. Alijani ArdeshirDepartment of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, IranH. ZolgharneinDepartment of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, IranA.A. MovahediniaDepartment of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, IranN. SalamatDepartment of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, IranE. ZabihiCellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IranJ. RegensteinDepartment of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, USAJournal Article20170203Fipronil is a relatively new insecticide in agriculture with health and environmental effects. This is the first report studying effect of fipronil on fish administered via intraperitoneal route. Intraperitoneal LD<sub>50 </sub> of fipronil in 16.3 g Caspian kutum, <em>Rutilus frisii kutum,</em> fingerlings was determined using a total of 133 fish in 19 tanks (7 fish/tank) including one control and 6 treatment groups (300, 450, 550, 650, 750, 850 mg/kg). Fish were injected intraperitoneally and monitored at 96 h. The LD<sub>50 </sub>of fipronil was 632 mg/kg in Caspian kutum. Sub-lethal test doses of 10, 20, and 30% of the LD<sub>50</sub> at 96 h were used to assess the effect of fipronil on the fish’s liver. The blood plasma of 90 fish were used (18 at each test dose and in controls) on days 7 and 14 for biochemistry. The hepatosomatic index (HSI) of the livers were obtained and histopathology done on the same days. Pyknosis, sinusoid dilation and vacuolization were common histological changes, and these changes became more severe in a time and dose dependent manner. This dependence was also observed for HSI and the liver biochemical test (alanine and aspartate transaminase). Liver histological alterations showed that fipronil can be a potential factor in liver carcinoma.https://www.gjesm.net/article_25277_71b78bd51c14ebb6fdb9a12927e784a1.pdfGJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management2383-35723420171201Ecology of litterfall production of giant bamboo Dendrocalamus asper in a watershed area3633722507710.22034/gjesm.2017.03.04.003ENA.G. Toledo BrunoDepartment of Environmental Science, College of Forestry and Environmental
Science, Central Mindanao University, University Town, Musuan, Bukidnon, PhilippinesR.A. MarinDepartment of Environmental Science, College of Forestry and Environmental
Science, Central Mindanao University, University Town, Musuan, Bukidnon, PhilippinesM.A.P. MedinaDepartment of Environmental Science, College of Forestry and Environmental
Science, Central Mindanao University, University Town, Musuan, Bukidnon, Philippines0000-0002-3179-9420G.R. PunoDepartment of Environmental Science, College of Forestry and Environmental
Science, Central Mindanao University, University Town, Musuan, Bukidnon, PhilippinesR.O. VillartaDepartment of Environmental Science, College of Forestry and Environmental
Science, Central Mindanao University, University Town, Musuan, Bukidnon, PhilippinesR.R. PunoDepartment of Environmental Science, College of Forestry and Environmental
Science, Central Mindanao University, University Town, Musuan, Bukidnon, PhilippinesJournal Article20170510Giant bamboo <em>Dendrocalamus asper</em> is recommended in environmental and livelihood programs in the Philippines due to its various ecological, economic and social benefits. However, there are limited data on the ecology of giant bamboo litterfall production, which contributes to soil nutrient availability. Bamboo also contributed in carbon sequestration. The study was conducted within the Taganibong Watershed in Bukidnon, Philippines. Nine litterfall traps measuring 1mx1m were established within the giant bamboo stand in the study area. Results show that giant bamboo litterfall is dominated by leaves. Biological characteristics of bamboo litterfall do no not influence litterfall production but temperature, wind speed and humidity correlate with the amount of litterfall. Findings of the study further revealed that fresh giant bamboo tissue contains high carbon content and the soil in the bamboo stand has higher organic matter than the open clearing. These data indicate the role of giant bamboo in carbon sequestration and soil nutrient availability.https://www.gjesm.net/article_25077_e44d6de9834780a817de145d6ebde55d.pdfGJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management2383-35723420171201Remediation of total petroleum hydrocarbons using combined in-vessel composting and oxidation by activated persulfate3733842558410.22034/gjesm.2017.03.04.004ENA.R. AsgariDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranCenter for Solid Waste Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranR. NabizadehDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranA.H. MahviDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranCenter for Solid Waste Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-8733-1483S. NasseriDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranCenter for Water Quality Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranM.H. DehghaniDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranS. NazmaraDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranK. YaghmaeianCenter for Solid Waste Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20170117<span>This study was investigated the efficiency of activated persulfate and <span lang="FA"></span>in-vessel composting for removal of total petroleum hydrocarbons. <span lang="FA"></span>Remediation by activated persulfate with ferrous sulfate as pre-treatment was done at batch system. In the chemical oxidation, various variables including persulfate concentrations (10-3000 mg/g as waste), pH (3-7), ferrous sulfate (0.5-4 mg/g as waste)and temperature (20-60°C) were studied. In the biological system, premature compost was added as an amendment. The filter cake to compost ratio were 1:0 (as control) and 1:5 to 15 (as dry basis). C: N: P ratio and moisture content were 100:5:1 and 45-60%, respectively. The results showed that acidic pH (pH=3) had high efficiency for the removal of total petroleum hydrocarbons by activated persulfate. Temperature had the significant effect during the persulfate oxidation. When ferrous sulfate was used as an activator for degradation at acidic condition and 60°C, removal efficiency increased to 47.32%. The results of biological process showed that the minimum total petroleum hydrocarbons removal in all reactors was 62 percent. The maximum and minimum removal efficiency was obtained at 1:5 (69.46%) and 1:10 (62.42%) mixing ratios, respectively. Kinetic study showed that second order kinetic model (R<sup>2</sup>>0.81) shows the best agreement with the experimental data and the rate of TPH degradation at low mixing ratio (1:3) was faster than high mixing ratio (1:15). Therefore, according to the results, in-vessel composting after pre-treatment by activated persulfate is suggested as an efficient process for degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons. </span>https://www.gjesm.net/article_25584_21bcf7bbc98d74d8aecafff6a82a115c.pdfGJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management2383-35723420171201Predicting waste generation using Bayesian model averaging3854022661110.22034/gjesm.2017.03.04.005ENM.G. HoangOkayama University, Graduate school of Environmental and Life Science, Department of Environmental Science 3-1-1 Tsushima, Kita, Japan0000-0003-0006-4541T. FujiwaraWaste Management Research Center Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima, Kita, Okayama 700-8530, Japan0000-0001-8657-3325S.T. Pham PhuOkayama University, Graduate school of Environmental and Life Science, Department of Environmental Science 3-1-1 Tsushima, Kita, Japan0000-0002-5539-285K.T. Nguyen ThiFaculty of Environmental Engineering, National University of Civil Engineering, 55 Giai Phong Road, Hai Ba Trung, Ha Noi, Viet NamJournal Article20170423A prognosis model has been developed for solid waste generation from households in Hoi An City, a famous tourist city in Viet Nam. Waste sampling, followed by a questionnaire survey, was carried out to gather data. The Bayesian model average method was used to identify factors significantly associated with waste generation. Multivariate linear regression analysis was then applied to evaluate the impacts of significant factors on household waste production. The model obtained from this study indicated that household location, household size, house area per person, and family economic activity are important determinants of the waste generation rate. The models could explain about 34% of the variation of the per capita daily waste generation rate. Diagnostic tests and model validation results showed that the regression model could provide reliable results of estimated household waste. The study revealed that per capita urban household waste generation is 70–80% higher compared to a rural household. The models also showed that if a family ran a business from home, the household waste generation rate would increase by about 35%. This result provides reliable information for better waste collection and management planning. Two other significant variables (family size and house area per capita) do not contribute much (less than 20%) to waste generation. Variables accounting for household income, presence of a garden, number of rooms in a house, and percentage of members of different ages were proven to be not significant. The study provides a reliable method for estimating household waste generation, providing decision makers useful information for waste management policy development.https://www.gjesm.net/article_26611_ad65250693c2737879263ecda08ae418.pdfGJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management2383-35723420171201Optimization of the catalytic ozonation process using copper oxide nanoparticles for the removal of benzene from aqueous solutions4034162666510.22034/gjesm.2017.03.04.006ENL. MohammadiHealth Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IranE. BazrafshanHealth Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IranM. NoroozifarAnalytical Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, IranA.R. Ansari-MoghaddamaHealth Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IranA.R. Khazaei FeizabadEnglish Department, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IranA.H. MahviDepartment of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran0000-0001-8733-1483Journal Article20170326The current study aimed to examine the overall feasibility of the use of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) as a catalyst in ozonation process for the removal of benzene from aqueous solutions under experimental conditions. This experimental study was conducted on a laboratory scale reactor in a semi-batch mode. The effect of critical operating parameters such factors as pH, concentration of benzene, reaction time and nano-catalyst dose on the removal of benzene was investigated. The samples included with benzene concentrations (10-200 mg/L), pH (3-13), catalyst dose (0.1-0.5 mg), and ozonation time (5-50 min). Findings indicated that the removal of benzene depended on various utilization parameters. The highest efficiency was achieved at reaction time of 50 min, pH of 12, initial benzene concentration of 10 mg/L and catalyst dose of 0.5 g. Among the studied factors, the maximum and the minimum contributions were made by the dose of nanoparticles (83%) and the reaction time (~73%). The software predicted that use of 0.13 g of the catalyst at pH of 12 and ozonation time of 5 min would lead to a removal efficiency of 68.4%. The catalytic ozonation process was able to remove benzene, and addition of CuO-NPs as a catalyst together with the ozonation process increased the benzene removal efficiency. The values of R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9972, adjusted R2= 0.9946, and predicted R<sup>2</sup> =0.9893 indicated that the model was acceptably predicted by the software and fitted the data obtained in the experiments.https://www.gjesm.net/article_26665_1eb79e50850c319fa515a0c2b805a8e1.pdfGJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management2383-35723420171201Factors affecting the rural domestic waste generation4174262525210.22034/gjesm.2017.03.04.007ENA.R. Darban AstaneDepartment of Human Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-7977-7116M. HajiloDepartment of Human Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20170115The current study was carried out to evaluate the quantity and quality of rural domestic waste generation and to identify the factors affecting it in rural areas of Khodabandeh county in Zanjan Province, Iran. Waste samplings consisted of 318 rural households in 11 villages. In order to evaluate the quality and quantity of the rural domestic waste, waste production was classified into 12 groups and 2 main groups of organic waste and solid waste. Moreover, kriging interpolation technique in ARC-GIS software was used to evaluate the spatial distribution of the generated domestic waste and ultimately multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate the factors affecting the generation of domestic waste. The results of this study showed that the average waste generated by each person was 0.588 kilograms per day. with the share of organic waste generated by each person being 0.409 kilograms per day and the share of solid waste generated by each person being 0.179 kilograms per day. The results from spatial distribution of waste generation showed a certain pattern in three groups and a higher rate of waste generation in the northern and northwestern parts, especially in the subdistrict. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the households’ income, assets, age, and personal attitude are respectively the most important variables affecting waste generation. The housholds’ attitude and indigenous knowledge on efficient use of materials are also the key factors which can help reducing waste generation.https://www.gjesm.net/article_25252_a8ede78c0436d41f05f567f74bf5a4b4.pdfGJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management2383-35723420171201Isolation and characterization of mercuric reductase by newly isolated halophilic bacterium, Bacillus firmus MN84274362673310.22034/gjesm.2017.03.04.008ENM. NorooziDepartment of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranM.A. AmoozegarDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranA.A. PourbabaeiSoil Science Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranN.S. NaghaviDepartment of Microbiology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, IranZ. NourmohammadiDepartment of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20170315The current study was aimed at isolating and identifying the halophilic and halotolerant bacteria which can produce mercuric reductase in Gavkhuni wetland in Iran. Moreover, tracking and sequencing <em>merA</em> gene and kinetic properties of mercuric reductase in the selected strain were performed in this study. Soil samples were taken from Gavkhuni wetland and cultured in nutrient agar medium with 5% NaCl. To examine the tolerance of purified colonies to mercury, agar dilution method was administered. Similarly, the phylogenetic analysis based on 16SrRNA gene sequencing was conducted. To investigate enzyme activity of kinetic parameters, a spectrophotometer was used to measure the NADPH oxidation decrease at 340 n.m. The results showed that among the 21 halophilic and halotolerant strains isolated from Gavkhuni wetland, 4 were<em> resistant to mercuric chloride. A strain designated MN8 </em>was selected for further studies because it showed the highest resistance to mercury. According to phylogenetic sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and phenotypic characteristics, the strain was categorized in the <em>Bacillus</em> genus and nearly related to<em> Bacillus</em><em> firmus</em><em>. </em>This strain had <em>merA</em> gene. The mercuric reductase showed V<sub>max</sub> and K<sub>m</sub> values of 0.106 U/mg and 24.051 µM, respectively. Evaluation of different concentrations of NaCl at 37°C and pH=7.5 in mercuric reductase enzyme activity indicated that the enzyme shows 50% activity in concentration of 1.5 M. Optimum pH and temperature of enzyme activity were 7.5 and 35 °C, respectively. The results suggested that MN8 strain could be a proper candidate for bioremediation of mercury-contaminated environments such as industrial wastewaters.https://www.gjesm.net/article_26733_e6562214d0ea5eb3b5c58a6c94575151.pdfGJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management2383-35723420171201Bacterial diversity impacts as a result of combined sewer overflow in a polluted waterway4374462714710.22034/gjesm.2017.03.04.009ENO. CalderonNatural Sciences Department, Faculty of Biology and Microbiology, LaGuardia Community College, City University of New York, United StatesH. Porter-MorganNatural Sciences Department, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, LaGuardia Community College, City University of New York, United StatesJ. JacobNatural Sciences Department, Faculty of Biology and Microbiology, LaGuardia Community College, City University of New York, United StatesW. ElkinsNewtown Creek Alliance, Program Manager, Brooklyn, New York, United StatesJournal Article20170508Newtown Creek is an industrial waterway and former tidal wetland in New York City. It is one of the most polluted water bodies in the United States and was designated as a superfund site in 2010. For over a century, organic compounds, heavy metals, and other forms of industrial pollution have disrupted the creek’s environment. The creek is also impacted by discharges from twenty combined sewer overflow pipes, which may deposit raw sewage or partially treated wastewater directly into the creek during heavy or sustained rain events. Combined sewer overflow events and associated nutrient over-enrichment at the creek drive eutrophication and subsequent hypoxia. At the current study, three sites were sampled one week apart during a dry period and a wet period, where indication of a combined sewage overflow event could be detected. 16s rRNA high-throughput sequencing from these three sites collectively yielded over 1000 species of bacteria belonging to twenty-two classes. Based on these data, it is hypothesized that differences identified in the microbiome on wet versus dry days are as a result of combined sewage overflow, street runoff, and additional fluctuations in the creek’s environment associated with rain. It was found that after a combined sewer overflows event, the levels of Gamma Proteobacteria increased while the levels of Actinobacteria decreased. However, levels of bacteria stayed relatively unchanged at a site further away from combined sewer overflows discharge. Species found in Newtown Creek include pelagic, marine, human and animal pathogens, hydrocarbonoclastic, and other environmental microbes.https://www.gjesm.net/article_27147_35cef18e485aff1ee6c13c6d2aa32b5f.pdfGJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management2383-35723420171201Debris management after earthquake incidence in ancient City of Ray4474562521210.22034/gjesm.2017.03.04.010ENL. AskarizadehDepartment of Environmental Management, Graduate School of the Environment and Energy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranA.R. KarbassiDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-9300-7620M.B. GhalibafDepartment of Political Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJ. NouriDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20161215Ancient City of Ray, located at the southern urban part of Tehran province, is one of the best recognized civilization sites in the world. In this study, the past earthquake incidence in Ray was reviewed using hazards united states tool as a geographic information system-based natural hazard analysis tool. hazards united states tool was chosen to estimate the damage on structural and non-structural elements during various earthquake scenarios with magnitudes of 4.5, 6 and 7.5 on the Richter scale in Ray City. Earthquake magnetitudes of 4.5, 6 and 7.5 would severely damage 49, 72 and 82% of buildings, respectively. The number of casualties was estimated to be in the range of 558 to 2220 people. It was also computed that 93, 197 and 331 km<sup>3</sup> of debris would be produced at 4.5, 6 and 7.5 Richter earthquake, respectively. Subsequently, Arc-GIS was used to find out the best route from the affected areas to the temporary disposal locations and to allocate the required number of heavy equipments and manpowers for debris disposal planning. A set of factors, including diversity of the existing wastes, separation of the recyclable wastes, and allocation of the best place and route for debris disposal in the shortest time and with the shortest distance in the street network, were presented and considered in the analyses. Finally, it was concluded that debris management is not only a logistic activity, but also it is an inseparable part of the post-accident recovery process.https://www.gjesm.net/article_25212_92283b92653a7e334987cc13e01ca40c.pdf