ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER
Environmental Management
S. Bogachov; A. Kirizleyeva; O. Mandroshchenko; S. Shahoian; Y. Vlasenko
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The crisis in the energy sector of Eastern European countries determines the search for alternative ways to solve the above problem, one of which is the development of economic policy in the field of energy in the context of European integration. The purpose of the article ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The crisis in the energy sector of Eastern European countries determines the search for alternative ways to solve the above problem, one of which is the development of economic policy in the field of energy in the context of European integration. The purpose of the article is to develop conceptual, theoretical-methodological and methodical-practical foundations of economic policy in the field of energy. METHODS: The methodological basis of the paper is a set of techniques, principles, general theoretical, special, interdisciplinary methods of scientific study. The method of metric ranking is used in assessing the levels of energy security in countries with high energy use. Based on the method of system equations, a functional system of critical infrastructure of the country is built. FINDING: A model of compatibility of energy infrastructure with other components of critical infrastructure (institutional and technological) was developed in order to ensure uninterrupted interaction between all key elements of critical infrastructure of the country and increase the level of energy, economic and national security of the country. Based on the content analysis of the legislation of the countries, it has been proven that in the system of critical infrastructure the energy sector is a key factor of national security. The calculated indicators of the level of energy efficiency of the energy system of Ukraine until 2035 based on the use of blockchain technology proved that the level of energy intensity of Gross domestic product should be reduced by more than half (53.57 %). CONCLUSION: As a conclusion, the developed model of the system of management of distribution of energy resources in the country using blockchain technology will contribute to decentralization of energy transactions, generation and supply of energy based on renewable and traditional sources, will allow to solve the problem of significant distance between renewable energy sources and industrial centers (its main consumers).
CASE STUDY
Environmental Management
B. Guerra Tamara; A. C. Torregroza-Espinosa; D. Pinto Osorio; M. Moreno Pallares; A. Corrales Paternina; A. Echeverría González
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Irrigation system water quality is a complex issue that involves the combined effects of various surface water management parameters. Monitoring of irrigation water quality is essential for the sustainability of crop production and productivity. The department of Sucre, in ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Irrigation system water quality is a complex issue that involves the combined effects of various surface water management parameters. Monitoring of irrigation water quality is essential for the sustainability of crop production and productivity. The department of Sucre, in northern Colombia, is predominantly a ranching and agricultural region where agriculture is the main source for livelihoods. The purpose of this study was to assess the physicochemical quality of surface water in irrigation systems at 141 farms. METHODS: To this end, 141 water samples were taken to determine 22 physicochemical parameters. All in-situ measurements and laboratory analysis were performed using standard methods. The results obtained were compared with the international standards proposed by the United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization and the World Health Organization. Salinity and sodicity were measured using the irrigation water classification diagram, and the level of correlation between the 22 variables was assessed by means of correlation analysis. FINDINGS: The results obtained indicate that based on the measured parameters, the water is classified as appropriate for use in irrigation systems. The maximum and minimum pH values were 9.32 and 4.40, respectively; the maximum and minimum values of electrical conductivity were 669 and 19.80 µS/cm respectively; the maximum and minimum values of total dissolved solids were 478 and 11.80 mg/L respectively, and the maximum and minimum values of the sodium adsorption ratio were 1.72 and 0.01 mEq/L, respectively. CONCLUSION: Cation and anion concentrations were within the limits allowed by the Food and Agriculture Organization and the WHO. According to the irrigation water classification diagram, the waters were classified as C1S1 and C2S1, which implies that there are no restrictions for their use in irrigation systems, water type (I) and type (II).
ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER
Environmental Engineering
D. Fadhiliani; M. Ikhwan; M. Ramli; S. Rizal; M. Syafwan
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The hydrodynamic uncertainty of the ocean is the reason for testing marine structures as an initial consideration. This uncertainty has an impact on the natural structure of the topography as well as marine habitats. In the hydrodynamics laboratory, ships and offshore structures ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The hydrodynamic uncertainty of the ocean is the reason for testing marine structures as an initial consideration. This uncertainty has an impact on the natural structure of the topography as well as marine habitats. In the hydrodynamics laboratory, ships and offshore structures are tested using mathematical models as input to the wave marker. For large wavenumbers, Benjamin Bona Mahony's equation has a stable direction and position in the wave tank. During their propagation, the generated waves exhibit modulation instability and phase singularity phenomena. These two factors refer to Benjamin Bona Mahony as a promising candidate for generating extreme waves in the laboratory. The aim of this research is to investigate the distribution of energy in each modulation frequency change. The Hamiltonian formula that describes the phenomenon of phase singularity is used to observe energy. This data is critical in determining the parameters used to generate extreme waves. METHODS: The envelope of the Benjamin Bona Mahony wave group can be used to study the Benjamin Bona Mahony wave. The Benjamin Bona Mahony wave group is known to evolve according to the Nonlinear Schrodinger equation. The Hamiltonian governs the dynamics of the phase amplitude and proves the Nonlinear Schrodinger equation's singularity for finite time. The Hamiltonian is derived from the appropriate Lagrangian for Nonlinear Schrodinger and then transformed into the Hamiltonian with the displaced phase-amplitude variable. FINDINGS: Potential energy is related to wave amplitude and kinetic energy is related to wave steepness in the study of surface water waves. When , the maximum wave amplitude and steepness are obtained. When , extreme waves cannot be formed due to steepness. This is due to the possibility of breaking waves into smaller waves on the shore. In terms of position, the energy curve is symmetrical. CONCLUSION: According to Hamiltonian's description of the energy distribution, the smaller the modulation frequency, the greater the potential and kinetic energy involved in wave propagation, and vice versa. While the wave's amplitude and steepness will be greatest for a low modulation frequency, and vice versa. The modulation frequency considered as an extreme wave generator is , because the resulting amplitude is quite high and the energy in the envelope is also quite large.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER
Environmental Management
V. G. Shcherbak; I. M. Gryshchenko; L. M. Ganushchak-Yefimenko; O. M. Nifatova; V. Bobrovnyk; M. Verhun
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The new wave of the Covid-19 pandemic has complicated the working conditions of higher education institutions in Ukraine. In this regard, saving energy resources of the university offers an opportunity to get out of the crisis. The purpose of the study is to develop a management ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The new wave of the Covid-19 pandemic has complicated the working conditions of higher education institutions in Ukraine. In this regard, saving energy resources of the university offers an opportunity to get out of the crisis. The purpose of the study is to develop a management system for energy complexes with non-conventional renewable energy sources in the context of preventing a new outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic. METHODS: The method of Deutsche Gesellschaft für Nachhaltiges Bauen was used to conduct energy audits, construct energy profiles of university offices. The cluster analysis was used to perform energy certification of university offices according to the indicators of integral energy efficiency potential and the level of annual specific energy consumption. Fuzzy methods made it possible to classify all the buildings into 3 categories (A, B, C) to prioritize their use in the light of Covid-19 pandemic. The system for monitoring the attained level of energy efficiency is based on the use of discriminant analysis. FINDINGS: Implementation of the weighted strategy has proved that the classes will be given online, 23% of all offices. Category A (administrative, technical, service buildings; laboratories with unique equipment with 24-hour service) will be used in a pessimistic scenario (continuation of Covid-19 pandemic). In the optimistic scenario (end of Covid-19 pandemic), by means of the suggested energy efficiency monitoring system, the probability of using category A offices makes 100%, B offices- 50% and C offices - 13%. CONCLUSION: Implementation of the developed energy efficiency action plan will offer the opportunity for the University to use reasonably the common connection point of knowledge management of energy complexes with non-conventional renewable energy sources in the context of preventing a new outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic. The profitability of implementing a weighted energy efficiency strategy is 15%, with a payback period of 6.7 years for the purchase and installation of non-conventional renewable energy equipment. In the future, it would be advisable to convert gradually all of the remaining 14 university buildings to the autonomous use of non-conventional renewable energy sources, using a common connection point for the knowledge management of the energy complexes.
CASE STUDY
Environmental Engineering
N. Wibowo; R. Nurcahyo; D.S. Gabriel
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Electronic equipment production is one of the major industrial sectors in Indonesia, as it also contributes to Indonesia’s export commodities, which increase because of rapid technological developments. Cell phones, which have considerable potential to become electronic ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Electronic equipment production is one of the major industrial sectors in Indonesia, as it also contributes to Indonesia’s export commodities, which increase because of rapid technological developments. Cell phones, which have considerable potential to become electronic waste, recorded the enormous escalation in electronic production. This research aimed to increase community involvement and the collection of used cell phones from households in e-waste management in Indonesia. A survey was conducted to explore a household’s environmental awareness and willingness to recycle based on sociodemographics, environmental hazard awareness, and used cell phone usage in Jabodetabek, Indonesia. METHODS: In this research, a peer questionnaire was used and organized into five sections: The first section contained the sociodemographic details of the respondents. The second section comprised multiple concerns that relate to recycling and environmental awareness. The third section contained the family cell phone information. The fourth section determined the cell phone consumer behavior. The fifth section consisted of willingness to recycle. Statistical correlations between variables were assessed, and the chi-square independence test was used to evaluate the statistical correlations. FINDINGS: Mostly the households will replace their used cell phone if there is damage (66.84%) and keep the used cell phone at home (59.5%), thus becoming an obstacle in applying the appropriate recycling system and a circular economy. The average cell phone ownership in Jabodetabek is 1.28 units, and the average cell phone life span of people in Jabodetabek is 2.6 years. The Environmental Hazard Awareness variable has significant differences with occupation and income level (p-value = 0.028 and 0.046), Used Cellphone Usage variable has significant differences with the income level variable (p-value = 0.024). The others, a statistically significant difference between sociodemographic variable and Willingness to Recycle was observed; p-value = 0.003 for age and p-value = 0.034 for occupation. CONCLUSION: This paper showed that Environmental Hazard Awareness and Willingness to Recycle have an important role in increasing the collection of used cell phones from households. . This study assessed community-based factors located in urban areas. The factors could encourage their participation in collection activities, obtain information on the preferred collection channels of residents, and provide a perspective for managing cell phones through an analysis of the improvements and influences of Indonesia’s current e-waste recycling program. Therefore, to develop a new strategy, the findings of this study can provide insights into the e-waste problem and citizen’s awareness of e-waste management.
REVIEW PAPER
Environmental Engineering
S. Nimesha; C. Hewawasam; D. J. Jayasanka; Y. Murakami; N. Araki; N. Maharjan
Abstract
Natural waterways are contaminated due to industrialization, urbanization, population growth etc., degrading their quality. Contaminated waterways cause numerous health and environmental hazards. Therefore, it is imperative to remove contaminants. Coagulation is one of the efficient primary chemical ...
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Natural waterways are contaminated due to industrialization, urbanization, population growth etc., degrading their quality. Contaminated waterways cause numerous health and environmental hazards. Therefore, it is imperative to remove contaminants. Coagulation is one of the efficient primary chemical treatment methods that could be used to treat such contaminants. Natural coagulants have gained popularity in the water and wastewater treatment industry due to their advantage over chemical coagulants. Natural coagulants are derived from either plants, animals, or microorganisms. This study has elaborated on the nature and mechanisms, and types of natural coagulants. In this review work, many studies have proposed several types of natural coagulants. However, plant-based natural coagulants extracted from different plant components have been extensively discussed and compared based on their application and efficiency in water and waste treatment. The primary purpose of this review is to refine the knowledge on the potential use and optimization of the effectiveness of eco-friendly and sustainable natural coagulants. Besides, the development efforts and the barriers reported by recent findings for the commercialization of natural coagulants are also discussed. Further, few modified natural coagulants have also been presented for exploring the other possible approaches to promote their usage in water and wastewater treatment in the future studies.
REVIEW PAPER
Environmental Engineering
M. Hazbehiean; N. Mokhtarian; A. Hallajisani
Abstract
More than 5.5 trillion cigarettes are manufactured, and approximately 4.5 trillion cigarette butts are being scattered across the globe per year. These cigarette butts are considered as one of the most hazardous wastes and environmental threats in the world. Thermochemical techniques can be used to turn ...
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More than 5.5 trillion cigarettes are manufactured, and approximately 4.5 trillion cigarette butts are being scattered across the globe per year. These cigarette butts are considered as one of the most hazardous wastes and environmental threats in the world. Thermochemical techniques can be used to turn biomass and solid wastes into valuable final products. Pyrolysis is a comfortable thermochemical technique for turning biomass into biochars, biofuels, briquette solid fuels, and further valuable products such as activated carbons, carbon black, and printing ink. In this study, it was attempted to review the available researches about pyrolysis of cigarette butts with an emphasis on transforming them into carbonated solid and liquid products. It was found that, in addition to the process variables, the type of cigarette butts treatment has a significant effect on the yield and quality of the finished goods. Further studies on the pyrolysis of cigarette butts, especially microwave-assisted pyrolysis and hybrid waste pyrolysis, seemed to be necessary. Solving the technical issues associated with the pyrolysis of cigarette butts to produce the value-added goods would contribute to their application in waste disposal and recycling of other resources. Future studies should focus on the separation methods with the help of gas products to provide the heat required in the reactor. Moreover, mixing the sewage sludge material, as a feed, with cigarette butts and application of appropriate models and experiments to attain the products with specific properties are recommended. The results of this study can be used to eliminate the hazards of the cigarette butts scattered in the environment and create the added value for the pyrolysis process.
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