ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Community behavior for mathematical model of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The spread of COVID-19 is very fast because it is transmitted from human to human. Non-pharmaceutical control is one of the important actions in reducing the spread of COVID-19, such as the use of masks and physical distancing. This study aims to model COVID-19 by incorporating people''s habits as a non-pharmaceutical preventive measure. The model formed emphasizes the importance of preventing with masks and physical distancing. The implication of this action is that the infected population is decreasing, resulting in less interaction between the susceptible and the infected. In this case, the virus has not vanished from the community, but the use of masks in certain populations or subpopulations is lower than before, which can reduce mask waste in the environment.METHODS: This study expands on a previous MERS-CoV research model using the susceptible-exposed-infected-quarantine-recovery model by incorporating behavioral control, specifically the use of masks and physical distancing as preventive measures. The susceptible population that interacts with the carrier/exposed and infected population is used to calculate mask use. The susceptible population was divided into two subpopulations based on their willingness to wear masks. The following breakthrough is the application of the same system to the infected population, which is required to wear masks at all times during their self-isolation period. The model-generated equation system is a nonlinear system of differential equations. The developed model is examined by determining the equilibrium point and the basic reproduction number.FINDINGS: The model resulted an asymptotically stable disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium. The disease-free stability is only examined if the compliance with physical distancing exceeds 0.55 and the compliance with the use of distancing exceeds 0.55. This compliance condition resulted in a decrease in basic reproduction number ranging from 0.48 to 0.07. The endemic stability is only investigated if compliance with physical distancing is 0.1 and compliance with use of distancing is 0.2. The endemic condition can arise if masks and physical separation are not used. Physical distancing compliance and mask use have values less than 0.1 and 0.2, respectively.CONCLUSION: The analysis of the equilibrium points and basic reproduction numbers, show that increasing compliance in carrying out the health protocol measures of physical distancing and mask use causes a decrease in the spread of COVID-19, so that the disease will disappear over time.
https://www.gjesm.net/article_245815_f90145cbc96ee8fa836b53186a70ffd0.pdf
2022-04-01
151
168
10.22034/GJESM.2022.02.01
Basic reproduction number
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Equilibrium point
Mask
Physical distancing
M.
Ramli
marwan.math@unsyiah.ac.id
1
Department of Mathematics, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Mukramati
mukramatimuhammad50@gmail.com
2
Department of Mathematics, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
AUTHOR
M.
Ikhwan
m.ikhwan@mhs.unsyiah.ac.id
3
Graduate School of Mathematics and Applied Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
AUTHOR
H.
Hafnani
hafnani@unsyiah.ac.id
4
Department of Mathematics, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
AUTHOR
Arslan, M.; Xu, B.; El-Din, M.G., (2020). Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via fecal-oral and aerosols–borne routes: Environmental dynamics and implications for wastewater management in underprivileged societies. Sci. Total Environ., 743: 140709 (7 pages).
1
Batistela, C.M.; Correa, D.P.F.; Bueno, A.M.; Piqueira, J.B.C., (2021). SIRSi compartmental model for COVID-19 pandemic with immunity loss. Chaos Solit. Fractals, 142: 110338 (12 pages).
2
Bagepally, B.S.; Haridoss, M.; Natarajan, M.; Jeyashree, K.; Ponnaiah, M., (2021). Cost-effectiveness of surgical mask, N-95 respirator, hand-hygiene and surgical mask with hand hygiene in the prevention of COVID-19: Cost effectiveness analysis from Indian context. Clin. Epidemiol. Global Health. 10: 100702 (8 pages).
3
Chintalapudi, N.; Battineni, G.; Amenta, F., (2020). COVID-19 virus outbreak forecasting of registered and recovered cases after sixty day lockdown in Italy: A data driven model approach. J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect., 53(3): 396–403 (8 pages).
4
Driessche, K.V.; Hens, N.; Tilley, P.; Quon, B.S.; Chilvers, M.A.; de Groot, R.; Cotton, M.F.; Marais, B.J.; Spreet, D.P.; Zlosnik, J.E., (2015). Surgical masks reduce airborne spread of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in colonized patients with cysticbrosis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 192(7): 897-899 (3 pages).
5
Driessche, P.; Watmough, J., (2002). Reproduction numbers and sub-threshold endemic equilibria for compartmental models of disease transmission. Math. Biosci., 180(1–2): 29–48 (20 pages).
6
Doremalen, N.; Bushmaker, T.; Morris, D.H.; Holbrook, M.G.; Gamble, A.; Williamson, B.N.; Tamin, A.; Harcourt, J.L.; Thornburg, N.J.; Gerber, S.I.; Lloyd-Smith, J.O.; de Wit, E.; Munster, V.J., (2020). Aerosol and surface stability of HCoV-19 (SARS-CoV-2) compared to SARS-CoV-1. N. Engl. J. Med., 382(16): 1564–1567 (4 pages).
7
Dwomoh, D.; Iddi, S.; Adu, B.; Aheto, J.M.; Sedzro, K.M.; Fobil, J.; Bosomprah, S., (2021). Mathematical modeling of COVID-19 infection dynamics in Ghana: Impact evaluation of integrated government and individual level interventions. Infect. Dis. Model., 6: 381–397 (17 pages).
8
Eikenberry, S.E.; Mancuso, M.; Iboi, E.; Phan, T.; Eikenberry, K.; Kuang, Y.; Kostelich, E.; Gumel, A.B., (2020). To mask or not to mask: Modeling the potential for face mask use by the general public to curtail the COVID-19 pandemic. Infect. Dis. Model., 5: 293–308 (16 pages).
9
Eubank, S.; Eckstrand, I.; Lewis, B.; Venkatramanan, S.; Marathe, M.; Barrett, C.L., (2020). Commentary on Ferguson, et al., “Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to reduce COVID19 mortality and healthcare demand”. Bull. Math. Biol., 82: 52 (7 pages).
10
Ferguson, N.; Laydon, D.; Nedjati-Gilani, G.; Imai, N.; Ainslie, K.; Baguelin, M.; Bhatia, S.; Boonyasiri, A.; Cucunuba Perez, Z.; Cuomo-Dannenburg, G.; Dighe, A.; Dorigatti, I.; Fu, H.; Gaythorpe, K.; Green, W.; Hamlet, A.; Hinsley, W.; Okell, L.; Van Elsland, S.; Thompson, H.; Verity, R.; Volz, E.; Wang, H.; Wang, Y.; Walker, P.; Walters, C.; Winskill, P.; Whittaker, C.; Donnelly, C.; Riley, S.; Ghani, A., (2020). Impact of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to reduce COVID19 mortality and healthcare demand. Report, Imperial College London. UK.
11
Garnett, C.; Jackson, S.; Oldham, M.; Brown, J.; Steptoe, A.; Fancourt, D., (2021). Factors associated with drinking behaviour during COVID-19 social distancing and lockdown among adults in the UK. Drug Alcohol Depend., 219: 108461 (8 pages).
12
Harapan, H.; Itoh, N.; Yufika, A.; Winardi, W.; Keam, S.; Te, H.; Megawati, D.; Hayati, Z.; Wagner, A.L.; Mudatsir, M., (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A literature review. J. Infect. Public Health, 13(5): 667–673 (7 pages).
13
Kojima, M.; Iwasaki, F.; Johannes, H.P.; Edita, E.P., (2020). Strengthening waste management policies to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic. Econ. Res. Instit., 5: 1-4 (4 pages).
14
Li, G.; De Clercq, E., (2020). Therapeutic options for the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Nat. Rev. Drug Discov., 19(3): 149–150 (2 pages).
15
Lin, Y.H.; Liu, C.H.; Chiu, Y.C., (2020). Google searches for the keywords of “wash hands” predict the speed of national spread of COVID-19 outbreak among 21 countries. Brain Behav. Immun., 87: 30–32 (3 pages).
16
Lo, S.; Lin, C.; Hung, C.; He, J.; Lu, P., (2021). The impact of universal face masking and enhanced hand hygiene for COVID-19 disease prevention on the incidence of hospital-acquired infections in a Taiwanese hospital. Int. J. Infect. Dis., 104: 15-18 (4 pages).
17
Lyu, W.; Wehby, G.L., (2020). Community use of face masks and COVID-19: Evidence from a natural experiment of state mandates in the US. Health Aff., 39(8): 1419-1425 (7 pages).
18
MacIntyre, C.R.; Nguyen, P.; Chughtai, A.A.; Trent, M.; Gerber, B.; Steinhofel, K.; Seale, H., (2021). Mask use, risk-mitigation behaviours and pandemic fatigue during the COVID-19 pandemic in five cities in Australia, the UK and USA: A cross-sectional survey. Int. J. Infect. Dis., 106: 199-207 (9 pages).
19
Manaqib, M.; Fauziah, I.; Mujiyanti, M., (2019). Mathematical model for MERS-COV disease transmission with medical mask usage and vaccination. In Prime, 1(2): 97–109 (13 pages).
20
Mandal, M.; Jana, S.; Nandi, S.K.; Khatua, A.; Adak, S.; Kar, T.K., (2020). A model based study on the dynamics of COVID-19: Prediction and control. Chaos Solit. Fractals, 136: 109889 (12 pages).
21
Phan, L.T.; Nguyen, T.V.; Luong, Q.C.; Nguyen, T.V.; Nguyen, H.T.; Le, H.Q.; Nguyen, T.T.; Cao, T.M.; Pham, Q.D., (2020). Importation and human-to-human transmission of a novel coronavirus in Vietnam. N. Engl. J. Med., 382(9): 872-874 (3 pages).
22
Resmawan, R.; Nuha, A.R.; Yahya, L., (2021). Analisis dinamik model transmisi COVID-19 dengan melibatkan intervensi karantina. Jambura J. Math., 3(1): 66–79 (14 pages).
23
Safitri, E.; Tarmizi, T.; Ramli, M.; Wahyuni, S.; Ikhwan, M., (2019). Model of virus therapy and chemotherapy for cancer. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci., 364: 012029 (6 pages).
24
Sasmita, N.R.; Ikhwan, M.; Suyanto, S.; Chongsuvivatwong, V., (2020). Optimal control on a mathematical model to pattern the progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Indonesia. Global Health Res. Policy, 5: 38 (12 pages).
25
Satgas, (2021). Pasien Sembuh Terus Meningkat Mencapai 1.810.136 Orang.
26
Soewono, E., (2020). On the analysis of Covid-19 transmission in Wuhan, Diamond Princess and Jakarta-cluster. Commun. Biomath. Sci., 3(1): 9-18 (10 pages).
27
Stockwell, R.E.; Wood, M.E.; He, C.; Sherrard, L.J.; Ballard, E.L.; Kidd, T.J.; Johnson, G.R.; Knibbs, L.D.; Morawska, L.; Bell, S.C., (2018). Face masks reduce the release of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cough aerosols when worn for clinically relevant periods. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 198(10): 1339-1342 (4 pages).
28
Tang, B.; Bragazzi, N.L.; Li, Q.; Tang, S.; Xiao, Y.; Wu, J., (2020). An updated estimation of the risk of transmission of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCov). Infect. Dis. Model., 5: 248–255 (8 pages).
29
Tran, T.T.; Pham, L.T.; Ngo, Q.X., (2020). Forecasting epidemic spread of SARS-CoV-2 using ARIMA model (case study: Iran). Global J. Environ. Sci. Manage., 6: 1–10 (10 pages).
30
WHO, (2020a). Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: implications for infection prevention precautions. Jenewa, Swiss. World Health Organization.
31
WHO, (2020b). Advice on the use of masks in the context of COVID-19. Jenewa, Swiss. World Health Organization.
32
WHO, (2021a). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. World Health Organization.
33
WHO, (2021b). Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard. World Health Organization.
34
Wilder-Smith, A.; Freedman, D.O., (2020). Isolation, quarantine, social distancing and community containment: Pivotal role for old-style public health measures in the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak. J. Travel Med., 27(2): 1–4 (4 pages).
35
Zhu, C.C.; Zhu, J., (2021). Dynamic analysis of a delayed COVID-19 epidemic with home quarantine in temporal-spatial heterogeneous via global exponential attractor method. Chaos Solit. Fractals, 143: 110546 (15 pages).
36
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Hydro-mechanical behavior of two clayey soils in presence of household waste leachates
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESIn landfills, containment is provided by natural or artificial clayey materials known for their low permeability and for their pollutant retention capacity. However, the properties of these media are modified by leachates, whose migration they are supposed to limit. This study aims to reconsider the criteria for choosing suitable materials to make a bottom liner through both their long term hydraulic and mechanical performances.METHODSTwo fine materials sampled in Burkina Faso (West Africa) have been characterized in order to compare their hydro-mechanical behavior in the presence of household waste leachates. The first material is classified as an inorganic clay of low to medium plasticity according to Casagrande plasticity diagram, it is mainly kaolinitic with some traces amounts of smectites. The second one is classified clayey sand of low to medium plasticity, the predominant mineral clay being kaolinite. Hydro-mechanical tests were performed on both sampled materials to judge the sealing properties of these materials, as well as the characteristics of deformation and rupture which have an important effect to ensure the durability of a bottom liner. All these tests were performed first with distilled water then with leachates as interstitial fluids in order to understand the modification of the hydro-mechanical properties of the clayey soils.FINDINGSLeachate contamination always alters hydraulic properties of the materials. However, between the two soils, the most clayey and the most impervious (soils from Nouna) undergo the deeper weathering. Indeed, hydraulic conductivity of these soils in contact with a synthetic leachate increases from 1.71x10-10 to 1.51x10-9 m/s. In contrast to soils from Boudry, these soils also undergo very significant settlements over the long term with compressibility indexes varying from 0.164 to 0.225. For both soils, the shear strength increases showing that, from this point view, the leachate work in the sense of of the bottom liner stability. For soils from Nouna, the effective cohesion increases from 3 to 21 kPa with a slight decrease of friction angle; for soils from Boudry a slight increase of cohesion is noticed while friction angle increases from 34 to 37°.CONCLUSIONThis comparative study is of practical use to environmental geotechnics professionals because it shows that the choice in designing a bottom liner must be a compromise between long term hydraulic and mechanical behaviors of soils. It is also important to know the nature of the flows to contain in order to ensure the durability of the structure.
https://www.gjesm.net/article_246026_1275e0947d6732153d87dbde06840146.pdf
2022-04-01
169
182
10.22034/GJESM.2022.02.02
Bottom liner
Compressibility
hydraulic conductivity
Leachate
Shear
H.
Yonli
fabienyonli@yahoo.fr
1
Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement, Université Joseph KI-Zerbo, BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
LEAD_AUTHOR
B.
François
bertrand.francois@ulb.be
2
Building Architecture and Town Planning Department, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP 194/2, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgique
AUTHOR
D.
Toguyeni
togyen@gmail.com
3
Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement, Université Joseph KI-Zerbo, BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
AUTHOR
A.
Pantet
anne.pantet@univ-lehavre.fr
4
UMR 6294 CNRS, Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes, Normandie Université, Unihavre, 53 rue Prony, 76600 Le Havre, France
AUTHOR
Abdellah, D.; Gueddouda M.K.; Goual, I.; Souli, H.; Ghembaza, M.S., (2020). Effect of landfill leachate on the hydromechanical behavior of bentonite-geomaterials mixture. Constr. Build. Mater., 234: 1-15 (15 pages).
1
Abramson, L.W.; Lee, T.S.; Sharma, S.; Boyce, G.M., (2002). Slope stability and stabilization methods. Wiley, New York (736 pages).
2
AFNOR, (1992). NF P94-057: Soils recognition and testing-particle size analysis—sedimentation method. Association Française de Normalisation, Paris, France (17 pages).
3
AFNOR, (1996). NF P94-056: Soils recognition and testing-particle size analysis—dry sieving method after washing. Ocia. Association Française de Normalisation, Paris, France (15 pages).
4
AFNOR, (1998). XP P94-047: Soils recognition and testing – Determination of matter organic content of a material. Association Française de Normalisation, Paris, France (6 pages).
5
AFNOR, (2002). NF P94-051: Soils recognition and testing-determination of atterberg limits-liquidity limit at the cup-plastic limit rolling. Association Française de Normalisation, Paris, France (15 pages).
6
Ait Saadi, L., (2003) Methodology to control the homogeneity and permeability of clayey liners. PhD Thesis, National Institute of Applied Sciences of Lyon (294 pages).
7
Badv, K.; Omidi, A., (2007). Effect of synthetic leachate on the hydraulic conductivity of clayey soil in Urmia city landfill site. Iran. J. Sci. Technol. Trans. Civ. Eng., 31(5): 535-545 (11 pages).
8
Benna-Zayani, M.; Kbir-Ariguib, N.; Clinard, C.; Bergaya, F., (2001). Static filtration of purified sodium bentonite clay suspensions, effect of clay content. Appl. Clay Sci., 19: 103–120 (18 pages).
9
Benson, C.H.; Chen, J.N.; Edil T.B., Likos, W.J., (2018). Hydraulic conductivity of compacted soil liners permeated with coal combustion product leachates. J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 144 (4): 3-15 (13 pages).
10
Chrétien, M., (2010). Understanding of shrinkage-swelling mechanisms clay soils: experimental site approach and disaster analysis on individual constructions. Ph.D. thesis, The University of Grenoble, France (372 pages).
11
Christensen, T.; Kjeldsen, P.; Bjerg, P., (2001). Biogeochemistry of landfill leachate plumes. Appl. Geochem., 16 : 659–718 (60 pages).
12
Cuisinier, O.; Deneele, D.; Masrouri, F.; Abdallah. A.; Conil, N., (2014). Impact of high-pH fluid circulation on long term hydromechanical behaviour and microstructure of compacted clay from the laboratory of Meuse-Haute Marne (France). Appl. Clay Sci., 88–89: 1–9 (9 pages).
13
Derriche, Z.; Bouzid, F. ; Tas, M.; (1997). Analysis of the shear strength of a swelling clay. XIVth Conf. Int. Mech. Ground Humburg. 271-274 (4 pages).
14
Dutta, J.; Mishra, A.K., (2016). Consolidation behaviour of bentonites in the presence of salt solutions. Appl. Clay Sci., 120 : 61-69 (9 pages).
15
Ehrig, H.-J.; Steigmann, R., (2018). Leachate quality. Solid waste landfilling : 511-539 (29 pages).
16
Gratchev, I.; Towhata, I., (2009). Effects of acidic contamination on the geotechnical properties of marine soils in Japan. In proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. 151-155 (5 pages).
17
Haro, K.; Ouarma, I.; Nana, B.; Bere, A.; Koulidiati, J., (2018). Characterization and potential recovery of household solid waste in the city of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). J. Environ. Prot. Ecol., 9: 309-324 (16 pages).
18
Jambeck, J.-R.; Andino, J.M., (2007). Garbage Juice: Waste Management and Leachate Generation. J. Chem. Educ., 240A-240B (2 pages).
19
Marcoën, J.; Thorez, J.; Monjoie, A.; Tessier, D.; Schroëder, C., (2000). Handbook on natural materials for engineered clay liners for landfills and rehabilitation of waste disposals in the walloon region. Office wallon des déchets.
20
Mishra, A.K.; Ohtsubo, M.; Li, L.Y.; Higashi, T., (2010). Influence of the bentonite on the consolidation
21
behaviour of soil–bentonite mixtures. Carbonates Evaporites. 25: 43–49 (7 pages).
22
Mitchell, J.; Soga, K., (2005). Fundamentals of soil behavior. John Wiley and Sons (592 pages).
23
Naeini, S.A.; Gholampoor, N.; Jahanfar, M.A., (2017). Effect of leachate’s components on undrained shear strength of clay-bentonite liners, Eur. J. Environ. Civ. Eng.: 395-408 (14 pages).
24
Pantet, A.; Monnet, P., (2007). Liquid–solid transition of kaolinite suspensions. Mech. Mater., 39(9): 819-833 (15 pages).
25
Rosin-Paumier, S.; Touze, N.; Pantet, A., (2011). Impact of a synthetic leachate on permittivity of GCLs measured by filter press and oedopermeameter tests. Geotext. Geomembr., 29: 211-221 (11 pages).
26
Setz, M.C.; Tian, K.; Benson, C.H.; Bradshaw, S.L., (2017). Effect of ammonium on the hydraulic conductivity of geosynthetic clay liners. Geotext. Geomembr. 45(6): 665-673 (9 pages).
27
Sherwood, J.D., (1997). Initial and final stages of compressible filtercake compaction. AlChE J., 43: 1488-1493 (6 pages).
28
Sunil, B.M.; Shrihari, S.; Nayak S., (2009). Shear strength characteristics and chemical characteristics of leachate-contaminated lateritic soil. Eng. Geol., 106: 20-25 (6 pages).
29
Tabani, P., (1999). Water transfer in deformable soils. PhD thesis, National Polytechnic Institute of Lorraine, France (173 pages).
30
Townsend, T.G.; Powell, J.; Jain, P.; Xu, Q.; Tolaymat, T.; Thimothy, G., (2015). Sustainable practices for landfill design and operation. New York: Springer Science + Business Media (483 pages).
31
Ullah, K.A.; Jiang, J.; Wang, P., (2018). Land use impacts on surface water quality by statistical approaches. Global J. Environ. Sci. Manage., 4(2): 231-250 (20 pages).
32
Vianney, J.; Martine, K.; Ouattara, Y.; Guinko, S.; Sawadogo, S., (2017). Evaluation of the quality of household waste leachate treated by settling ponds at the Ouagadougou waste treatment and valorization center. J. Environ. Prot., 8: 1567-1582 (16 pages).
33
Wagner, J.F., (2013). Clay liners and waste disposal. In Handbook of Clay Science. Develop. Clay Sci., 5: 663–676 (14 pages).
34
Wdowczyk, A.; Szymańska-Pulikowska A., (2021). Analysis of the possibility of conducting a comprehensive assessment of landfill leachate contamination using physicochemical indicators and toxicity test. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 221:1-12 (12 pages).
35
Wang, B.; Xu J.; Chen, B.; Dong, X.; Dou, T., (2019). Hydraulic conductivity of geosynthetic clay liners to inorganic waste leachate. Appl. Clay Sci., 168: 224-248 (25 pages).
36
Widomski, M.K.; Stępniewski, W.; Musz-Pomorska, A., (2018). Clays of different plasticity as materials for landfill liners in rural systems of sustainable waste management. Sustainability. 10: 2489: 1-15 (15 pages).
37
Xu, Y.F.; Matsuoka, H.; Sun, D.A., (2003). Swelling characteristics of fractal-textured bentonite and its mixtures. Appl. Clay Sci., 22: 197-209 (13 pages).
38
Yonli, H.F.; Toguyeni, D.Y.K.; Sougoti, M., (2017). Study of the influence of a young synthetic leachate on the hydromechanical properties of a swelling clay. J. Environ. Sci. Eng., B 6: 569-581 (13 pages).
39
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Microplastic abundance and distribution in surface water and sediment collected from the coastal area
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Rapid development has increased the microplastics discharges into marine environments, including coastal waters at Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. This study is proposed to assess microplastics abundance and distribution in surface water and sediment from coastal water at Jakarta Bay.METHODS: The samples were collected from 12 locations representing Ancol, Muara Baru, and Muara Angke - Muara Karang. Samples of water and sediment were extracted to obtain the microplastics. The microplastics were identified based on their morphology (shape) and numbered for their abundance. The polymer of microplastics was determined using Raman Spectrophotometer.FINDINGS: The results showed that microplastics were successfully identified and counted in water and sediment samples at all collection points. The number of microplastics was 1532 particles in the water sample and 1419 particles in the sediment sample. The shape of microplastics observed in the water and sediment samples were fibers, films, fragments, and pellets. Among those, fiber and film were the most dominant microplastic detected both in surface water and sediment in all locations. Three polymers, namely polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene, were detected in the microplastic samples. These findings prove that microplastics with their various types are capable contaminate the aquatic environment.CONCLUSION: The most common microplastics shapes in sediment were fiber (55.7%) > film (31.1%) > fragment (9.9%) > pellet (3.2%) and for the surface water were film (53.5%) > fiber (33.9%) > fragment (7.8%) > pellet (4.7%). The abundance of microplastics in the sediment (166.8 particles/kg, 95%CI: 148.0-185.0) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in surface water (70.9 particles/L, 95%CI: 55.6-86.2). The abundance of microplastics was significantly different among locations (p < 0.05, F = 2.115), with microplastics in sediments were higher in Ancol, and Muara Angke - Muara Karang have the highest microplastics in surface water. These results can provide valuable information on which parts of the Jakarta Bay areas should be prioritized first regarding microplastics management.
https://www.gjesm.net/article_246329_386d3c778d9e4f6b4196f615ce1c4830.pdf
2022-04-01
183
196
10.22034/GJESM.2022.02.03
Fiber
Estuary
Jakarta Bay
plastic
Polyethylene
N.
Takarina
noverita.dian@sci.ui.ac.id
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Purwiyanto
anna_is_purwiyanto@unsri.ac.id
2
Marine Science Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sriwijaya University, Palembang, Indonesia
AUTHOR
A.
Rasud
ayuameliarasud@gmail.com
3
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
AUTHOR
A.
Arifin
anggitoabimanyu16@gmail.com
4
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
AUTHOR
Y.
Suteja
yuliantosuteja@unud.ac.id
5
Marine Science Department, Marine Science and Fisheries Faculty, Udayana University, Jl, Raya Kampus Universitas Udayana, Bukit Jimbaran, Bali, Indonesia
AUTHOR
Alam, F.C.; Sembiring, E.; Muntalif, B. E.; Suendo, V., (2019). Microplastic distribution in surface water and sediment river around slum and industrial area (case study: Ciwalengke River, Majalaya district, Indonesia). Chemosphere, 224: 637-645 (9 pages).
1
Andrady, A.L.; Neal, M.A., (2009). Applications and societal benefits of plastics. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci., 364(1526): 1977–1984 (8 pages).
2
Anugrahini, T.; Adi, I.R., (2018). Fishermen’s adaptation to aquatic environment changes
3
in Jakarta Bay, in: Adi, I.R., Achwan, R. (Eds.), Competition and cooperation in social and political sciences. Routledge, London.
4
Browne, M.A.; Galloway, T.; Thompson, R., (2007). Microplastic--an emerging contaminant of potential concern? Integr. Environ. Assess. Manage., 3(4): 559–561 (3 pages).
5
Browne, M.A.; Crump, P.; Niven, S.J.; Teuten, E.; Tonkin, A.; Galloway, T.; Thompson, R., (2011) Accumulation of microplastic on shorelines worldwide: sources and sinks. Environ. Sci. Technol., 45(21):9175-9179 (5 pages).
6
Cappenberg, H.A.W., (2017). The composition of species and structure of benthic mollusc of Jakarta Bay. Oceanol. Limnol. Indones., 2(3): 65-79 (15 pages).
7
Chubarenko, I.; Bagaev, A.; Zobkov, M.; Esiukova E., (2016). On some physical and dynamical properties of microplastic particles in marine environment. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 108(1-2): 105–112 (8 pages).
8
Claessens, M.; De Meester, S.; Van Landuyt, L.; De Clerck, K.; Janssen, C.R., (2011). Occurrence and distribution of microplastics in marine sediments along the Belgian coast. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 62(10): 2199–2204 (5 pages).
9
Cordova, M.R.; Wahyudi, A.J., (2016). Microplastic in the deep-sea sediment of Southwestern Sumatran waters. Mar. Res. Indones., 41(1): 27−35 (9 pages).
10
Cordova, M.R.; Nurhati, I.S., (2019). Major sources and monthly variations in the release of land-derived marine debris from the Greater Jakarta area, Indonesia. Sci. Rep. 9: 18730 (8 pages).
11
Cordova, M.R.; Ulumuddin, Y.I.; Purbonegoro, T.; Shiomoto, A., (2021). Characterization of microplastics in mangrove sediment of Muara Angke Wildlife Reserve, Indonesia. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 163: 112012 (8 pages).
12
Damar, A.; Colijn, F.; Hesse, K.-J.; Adrianto, L.; Yonvitner; Fahrudin, A.; Kurniawan, F.; Prismayanti, A.D.; Rahayu, S.M.; Rudianto, B.Y.; Ramli, A. (2020). Phytoplankton Biomass Dynamics in Tropical Coastal Waters of Jakarta Bay, Indonesia in the Period between 2001 and 2019. J. Mar. Sci. Eng., 8: 674 (17 pages).
13
Della Torre, C.; Bergami, E.; Salvati, A.; Faleri, C.; Cirino, P.; Dawson, K.A.; Corsi, I., (2014). Accumulation and embryotoxicity of polystyrene nanoparticles at early stage of development of sea urchin embryos Paracentrotus lividus. Environ. Sci. Technol., 48(20):12302-12311 (10 pages).
14
Dwiyitno; Dsikowitzky, L.; Nordhaus, I.; Andarwulan, N.; Irianto, H.E.; Lioe, H.N.; Ariyani, F.; Kleinertz, S.; Schwarzbauer, J., (2016). Accumulation patterns of lipophilic organic contaminants in surface sediments and in economic important mussel and fish species from Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 110(2): 767-777 (11 pages).
15
Dwiyitno; Andayani, F.; Anissah, U.; Januar, H.I.; Wibowo, S., (2020). Concentration and characteristic of floating plastic debris in Jakarta Bay: A preliminary study. Squalen Bull. of Mar. and Fish. Postharvest Biotech., 15(3): 109-117 (9 pages).
16
Dsikowitzky, L.; Sträter, M.; Dwiyitno; Ariyani, F.; Irianto, H.E.; Schwarzbauer, J., (2016). First comprehensive screening of lipophilic organic contaminants in surface waters of the megacity Jakarta, Indonesia. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 110(2): 654-664 (11 pages).
17
Efadeswarni; Andriantoro; Azizah, N.; Saragih, G.S., (2019). Microplastics in digestive tracts of fishes from Jakarta Bay, In International Conference on the Improvement of Environmental Quality (ICIEQ) 2019. Bogor, Indonesia 29 August. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci., 407: 012008 (6 pages).
18
Espiritu, E.Q.; Dayrit, S.A.S.N.; Coronel, A.S.O.; Paz, N.A.C; Ronquillo, P.I.L.; Castillo, V.C.G.; Enriquez, E.P., (2019). Assessment of quantity and quality of microplastics in the sediments, waters, oysters, and selected fish species in key sites along the bombong estuary and the coastal waters of Ticalan in San Juan, Batangas. Philipp. J. Sci., 148(4): 789-801 (13 pages).
19
Falahudin, D.; Cordova, M.R.; Sun, X.; Yogaswara, D.; Wulandari, I.; Hindarti, D.; Arifin, Z., (2020). The first occurrence, spatial distribution and characteristics of microplastic particles in sediments from Banten Bay, Indonesia. Sci. Total Environ., 705: 135304 (pages 10).
20
Fendall, L.S.; Sewell, M.A., (2009). Contributing to marine pollution by washing your face: microplastics in facial cleansers. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 58(8):1225–1228 (4 pages).
21
Germanov, E.S.; Marshall, A.D.; Hendrawan, I.G.; Admiraal, R.; Rohner, C.A.; Argeswara, J.; Wulandari, R.; Himawan, M.R.; Loneragan, N.R., (2019). Microplastics on the menu: plastics pollute Indonesian manta ray and whale shark feeding grounds. Front. Mar. Sci., 6: 679 (21 pages).
22
GESAMP, (2015). Sources, fate and effects of microplastics in the marine environment: a global assessment, Kershaw, P. J., ed. (IMO/FAO/ UNESCOIOC/ UNIDO/WMO/ IAEA/UN/ UNEP/ UNDP Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection). Rep. Stud. GESAMP.
23
Han, M.; Niu, X.; Tang, M.; Zhang, B.T.; Wang, G.; Yue, W.; Kong, X.; Zhu, J., (2020). Distribution of microplastics in surface water of the lower Yellow River near estuary. Sci. Total Environ., 707:135601 (9 pages).
24
Hastuti, A.R.; Yulianda, F.; Wardianto, Y., (2014). Distribusi spasial sampah laut di ekosistem mangrove Pantai Indah Kapuk, Jakarta. Bonoworo Wetlands, 4(2): 94-107 (14 pages).
25
Hidayaturrahman, H.; Lee, T.-G., (2019). A study on characteristics of microplastic in wastewater of South Korea: Identification, quantification, and fate of microplastics during treatment process. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 146: 696-702 (7 pages).
26
Huhn, M.; Hattich, G.S.I.; Zamani, N.P.; von Juterzenka, K.; Lenz, M., (2016). Tolerance to stress differs between Asian green mussels Perna viridis from the impacted Jakarta Bay and from natural habitats along the coast of West Java. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 110(2): 757-766 (10 pages).
27
Irnidayanti, Y., (2021). Toxicological analysis of gonad development in green mussels (Perna viridis) in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 24: 394-400 (8 pages).
28
Kunzmann, A.; Arifin, Z.; Baum, G., (2018). Pollution of coastal areas of Jakarta bay: water quality and biological responses. Mar. Res. Indonesia, 43(1): 37–51 (15 pages).
29
Ladwig, N.; Hesse, K.-J.; van der Wulp, S.A.; Damar, A.; Koch, D., (2016). Pressure on oxygen levels of Jakarta Bay. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 110(2): 665-674 (10 pages).
30
Lambert, S.; Wagner, M., (2018) Microplastics are contaminants of emerging concern in freshwater environments: an overview, in: Wagner, M., Lambert, S., (Eds), Freshwater microplastics. The handbook of environmental chemistry, vol 58. Springer.
31
Lebreton, L.C.M.; van der Zwet, J.; Damsteeg, J.-W.; Slat, B.; Andrady, A.; Reisser, J., (2017). River plastic emissions to the world’s oceans. Nat. Commun., 8: 15611 (10 pages).
32
Li, Y.; Lu, Z.; Zheng, H.; Chen, C., (2020). Microplastics in surface water and sediments of Chongming Island in the Yangtze Estuary, China. Environ. Sci. Eur. 32: 15 (pages).
33
Liu, X.; Yuan, W.; Di, M.; Li, Z.; Wang, J., (2019). Transfer and fate of microplastics during the conventional activated sludge process in one wastewater treatment plant of China. Chem. Eng. J., 362: 176-182 (7 pages).
34
Liu, R-p.; Dong, Y.; Quan, G.-q.; Zhu, H.; Xu, Y.-N.; Elwardany, R.M.; (2021). Microplastic pollution in surface water and sediments of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Current status and causes. China Geol., 4(1), 178-184 (7 pages).
35
Lubis, A.A.; Aliyanta, B.; Menry, Y., (2007). Estimation of sediment accumulation rate in Jakarta bay using natural radionuclide unsupported 210pb. Indo. J. Chem., 7(3): 309-313 (5 pages).
36
Luo, P.; Kang, S.; Apip; Zhou, M.; Lyu, J.; Aisyah, S.; Binaya, M.; Regmi, R. K.; Nover, D., (2019). Water quality trend assessment in Jakarta: A rapidly growing Asian megacity. PloS One. 14(7): e0219009 (17 pages).
37
Manalu, A.A.; Hariyadi, S.; Wardiatno, Y., (2017). Microplastics abundance in coastal sediments of Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. AACL Bioflux, 10: 1164-1173 (10 pages).
38
Martin, J.; Lusher, A.; Thompson, R.C.; Morley, A., (2017). The deposition and accumulation of microplastics in marine sediments and bottom water from the Irish continental shelf. Sci. Rep. 7: 10772 (9 pages).
39
Oehlmann, J.; Schulte-Oehlmann, U.; Kloas, W.; Jagnytsch, O.; Lutz, I.; Kusk, K.O.; Wollenberger, L.; Santos, E.M.; Paull, G.C.; Van Look, K.J.W.; Tyler, C.R., (2019). A critical analysis of the biological impacts of plasticizers on wildlife. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. B., 364:2047-2062 (16 pages).
40
Peng, G.; Zhu, B.; Yang, D.; Su, L.; Shi, H.; Li, D., (2017). Microplastics in sediments of the Changjiang Estuary, China. Environ. Pollut., 225: 283-290 (8 pages).
41
Plastics Europe, (2013). Plastics-The Facts 2013.
42
Plastics Europe, (2019). Plastics – the Facts 2019.
43
Purba, N.P.; Handyman, D.I.W.; Pribadi, T.D.; Syakti, A.D.; Pranowo, W.S.; Harvey, A., Ihsan, Y.N., (2019). Marine debris in Indonesia: A review of research and status. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 146: 134-144 (11 pages).
44
Purwiyanto, A.I.S.; Suteja, Y.; Trisno; Ningrum, P.S.; Putri, W.A.E.; Rozirwan; Agustriani, F.; Fauziyah; Cordova, M.R.; Koropitan, A.F., (2020). Concentration and adsorption of Pb and Cu in microplastics: Case study in aquatic environment. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 158: 1-9 (9 pages).
45
Putri, R.F.; Wibirama, S.; Giyarsih, S.R.; Pradana, A.; Kusmiati, Y., (2019). Landuse change monitoring and population density analysis of Penjaringan, Cengkareng, and Cakung Urban Area in Jakarta Province. E3S Web Conf., 76: 03004 (6 pages).
46
Radjawane, I.M.; Riandini, F., (2009). Numerical simulation of cohesive sediment transport in Jakarta Bay. IJReSES, 6: 65-76 (12 pages).
47
Sachoemar, S.I.; Wahjono, H.D., (2007). Kondisi pencemaran lingkungan perairan di Teluk Jakarta. J.Air Indones., 3(1): 1-14 (14 pages).
48
Siegfried, M.; Koelmans, A.A.; Besseling, E.; Kroeze, C., (2017). Export of microplastics from land to sea. A modelling approach. Water Res., 127: 249–257 (9 pages).
49
Sulistyo, E.N.; Rahmawati, S.; Putri, R. A.; Arya, N.; Eryan, Y.E., (2020). Identification of the existence and type of microplastic in code river fish, special region of Yogyakarta. Eksakta, 1(1): 85-91 (7 pages).
50
Sussarellu, R.; Suquet, M.; Thomas, Y.; Lambert, C.; Fabioux, C.; Pernet, M.E.J.; Le Goïc, N.; Quillien, V.; Mingant, C.; Epelboin, Y.; Corporeau, C.; Guyomarch, J.; Robbens, J.; Paul-Pont, I.; Soudant, P.; Huvet, A., (2016). Oyster reproduction is affected by exposure to polystyrene microplastics. PNAS, 113(9): 2430–2435 (6 pages).
51
Suteja, Y., (2016). Beban pencemar dan kapasitas asimilasi amonium dan nitrat saat pucak musim barat di Teluk Jakarta. J. Mar. Aquat. Sci., 2(1): 16-22 (7 pages).
52
Suteja, Y.; Purwiyanto, A.I.S, (2018). Nitrate and phosphate from rivers as mitigation of eutrophication in Benoa bay, Bali-Indonesia. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 162 (1): p. 012021 (9 pages).
53
Suteja, Y.; Atmadipoera, A.S.; Riani, E.; Nurjaya, I.W.; Nugroho, D.; Cordova, M.R., (2021). Spatial and temporal distribution of microplastic in surface water of tropical estuary: Case study in Benoa Bay, Bali, Indonesia. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 163: 111979 (14 pages).
54
Van Cauwenberghe, L.; Claessens, M.; Vandegehuchte, M.B.; Janssen, C.R., (2015). Microplastics are taken up by mussels (Mytilus edulis) and lugworms (Arenicola marina) living in natural habitats. Environ. Pollut., 199: 10–17 (8 pages).
55
van der Wulp, S.A.; Damar, A.; Ladwig, N.; Hesse, K.-J., (2016). Numerical simulations of river discharges, nutrient flux and nutrient dispersal in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 110(2): 675-685 (11 pages).
56
Wicaksono, E.A.; Tahir, A.; Werorilangi, S., (2020). Preliminary study on microplastic pollution in surface-water at Tallo and Jeneberang Estuary, Makassar, Indonesia. AACL Bioflux, 13: 902-909 (8 pages).
57
Woodall, L.C.; Sanchez-Vidal, A.; Canals, M.; Paterson, G.L.J.; Coppock, R.; Sleight, V.; Calafat, A.; Rogers, A.D.; Narayanaswamy, B.E.; Thomps, R.C., (2014). The deep sea is a major sink for microplastic debris. R. Soc. Open Sci., 1: 140317 (8 pages).
58
Yahya Surya, M.; He, Z.; Xia, Y.; Li, L. (2019). Impacts of sea level rise and river discharge on the hydrodynamics characteristics of Jakarta Bay (Indonesia). Water, 11: 1384 (18 pages).
59
Yona, D.; Sari, S.; Iranawati, F.; Bachri, S.; Ayuningtyas, W.C., (2019). Microplastics in the surface sediments from the eastern waters of Java Sea, Indonesia. F1000Research, 8: 98 (14 pages).
60
Zhang, J.; Zhang, C.; Deng, Y.; Wang, R.; Ma, E.; Wang, J.; Bai, J.; Wu, J.; Zhou, Y., (2019). Microplastics in the surface water of small-scale estuaries in Shanghai. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 149: 110569 (6 pages).
61
Zhu, L.; Bai, H.; Chen, B.; Sun, X.; Qu, K.; Xia, B., (2018). Microplastic pollution in North Yellow Sea, China: Observations on occurrence, distribution and identification. Sci .Total. Environ., 636: 20–29 (10 pages).
62
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Carbon footprint and cost analysis of a bicycle lane in a municipality
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cycling has been widely promoted as an alternative mode of transport to help the reduction of environmental impact and improve users' health. Promoting cycling will help enhance the "Green City" initiative in Thailand. While several studies have addressed social issues of cyclists, the environmental impacts and economic viability of cycling infrastructure are yet unknown. Quantifying its environmental impact and the costing aspect are essential to prove that cycling would positively affect a city. This study compares the expected environmental and economic impacts before and after constructing a bicycle lane in Mahasarakham, Thailand.METHODS: This study uses life cycle assessment and life cycle costing to assess a bicycle lane's environmental and economic viability. Life cycle assessment and life cycle costing are tools used to analyze environmental impact and cost during the life cycle of a product or service. The scope of this study covers the processing of raw material acquisition, transportation, construction, use, and disposal. The functional unit set for this study is the use of a bicycle lane for one year. The environmental impact examined is greenhouse gas emissions along the product's life cycle (the so-called "carbon footprint").FINDING: According to the results, approximately 0.2 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent of carbon footprint could have been reduced in 2020 had a bicycle lane been installed. The use phase plays the leading role in reducing carbon footprint. The reduction in environmental impacts is due to reduced fuel consumption by cars and motorcycles when bicycles are used. Even though a low rate (26%) of road users, who participated in this research, were willing to ride bikes had a bicycle lane been provided, a considerable amount of environmental impact could still have been reduced.CONCLUSION: The carbon footprint expected to be reduced in a year is valued at about 4.7 million baht of carbon credit. In comparison, the life cycle cost of bicycle lanes for one year is approximately 3.7 million baht. Furthermore, it is anticipated that had a bicycle lane been installed since 2015, the city would have reduced overall carbon footprint emissions by more than 1.15 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent by 2020. Therefore, the results of environmental impact and cost assessment from this study are helpful for urban environmental management.
https://www.gjesm.net/article_247328_b1b470df5a11a8525c4893d4a583a9d2.pdf
2022-04-01
197
208
10.22034/GJESM.2022.02.04
Bicycle lane
Carbon footprint
Cycling
Life Cycle Assessment
Life cycle costing
J.
Prasara-A
jittima.p@msu.ac.th
1
Energy and Environment for Sustainable Development Research and Training Center, Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Bridhikitti
arika.bri@mahidol.edu
2
Environmental Engineering and Disaster Management Program, School of Interdisciplinary Studies, Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Campus, Lumsum Sub-District, Saiyok District, Kanchanaburi, Thailand
AUTHOR
Andersen, L.B.; Riiser, A.; Rutter, H.; Goenkad, S.; Nordengen, S.; K. Solbraa, A., (2018). Trends in cycling and cycle related injuries and a calculation of prevented morbidity and mortality. J. Transp. Heal., 9: 217–225 (9 pages).
1
Araújo, J.P.C.; Oliveira, J.R.M.; Silva, H.M.R.D., (2014). The importance of the use phase on the LCA of environmentally friendly solutions for asphalt road pavements. Transp. Res., Part D Transp. Environ., 32: 97–110 (14 pages).
2
BT, (2020). Key economic indicators. Bank of Thailand.
3
Barbieri, D.M.; Lou, B.; Wang, F.; Hoff, I.; Wu, S.; Li, J.; Run Vignisdottir, H; André Bohne, R.; Anastasio, S.; Kristensen, T., (2021). Assessment of carbon dioxide emissions during production, construction and use stages of asphalt pavements. Transp. Res. Interdiscip. Perspect. 11: 100436 (11 pages).
4
Boufous, S.; Hatfield, J.; Grzebieta, R., (2018). The impact of environmental factors on cycling speed on shared paths. Accid. Anal. Prev., 110: 171–176 (6 pages).
5
Bourne, J.E.; Sauchelli, S.; Perry, R.; Page, A.; Leary, S.; England, C.; Cooper, A.R., (2018). Health benefits of electrically-assisted cycling: a systematic review. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act., 15: 116 (15 pages).
6
Castells-Graells, D.; Salahub, C.; Pournaras, E., (2020). On cycling risk and discomfort: urban safety mapping and bike route recommendations. Computing. 102: 1259–1274 (16 pages).
7
Chang, C.-C.; Huang, P.-C., (2021). Carbon footprint of different fuels used in public transportation in Taiwan: a life cycle assessment. Environ. Dev. Sustain, (15 pages).
8
Chaowarat, P.; Piriyakarnnon, M.; Sawangchaeng, S.; Natephra, W., (2016). Public Policy of Cycling Promotion in Mahasarakham City. In the 4th International Conference on Magsaysay Awardees: Good Governance and Transformative Leadership in Asia. College of Politics and Governance (COPAG), Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand 31 May.
9
CSS, (2021). Carbon footprint factsheet. Center for Sustainable Systems, University of Michigan, USA.
10
DRR, (2012). Normal maintenance manual. Department of Rural Roads, Ministry of Transport, Bangkok, Thailand.
11
EPA, (2021). Emission factors for greenhouse gas Inventories. Environmental Protection Agency.
12
Huemer, A.K., (2018). Cycling under the influence of alcohol in Germany. Transp. Res. Part F Traffic. Psychol. Behav., 56: 408–419 (12 pages).
13
IOS, (2018). ISO 14067: 2018 greenhouse gases — carbon footprint of products — requirements and guidelines for quantification. International Organization for Standardization.
14
Klöpffer, W.; Grahl, B., (2014). Life cycle assessment (LCA): a guide to best practice. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany.
15
Kongboon, R.; Gheewala, S.H.; Sampattagul, S., (2021). Empowering a sustainable city using self-assessment of environmental performance on EcoCitOpia platform. Sustainability. 13: 7743 (17pages).
16
Mahasarakham Municipality, (2020). Mahasarakham municipality's history.
17
Maizlish, N.; Linesch, N.J.; Woodcock, J., (2017). Health and greenhouse gas mitigation benefits of ambitious expansion of cycling, walking, and transit in California. J. Transp. Health. 6: 490–500 (11pages).
18
Mandic, S.; Flaherty, C.; Pocock, T.; Kek, C.C.; McArthur, S.; Ergler, C.; Chillón, P.; Bengoechea, E.G., (2018). Effects of cycle skills training on children's cycling-related knowledge, confidence and behaviours. J. Transp. Heal., 8: 271–282 (12 pages).
19
MFA, (2021). The Prime Minister participated in the World Leaders Summit during the 26th United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Conference of the Parties (UNFCCC COP26) in Glasgow, United Kingdom. Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
20
Mrkajic, V.; Vukelic , D.; Mihajlov, A., (2015). Reduction of CO2 emission and non-environmental co-benefits of bicycle infrastructure provision: the case of the University of Novi Sad, Serbia. Renew. Sustain. Energy. Rev., 49: 232–242 (11 pages).
21
NSO, (2020). Number of vehicles registered by types of vehicle, regions and provinces. National Statistical Office.
22
Ratanaburi, N.; Alade, T.; Saçli, F., (2021). Effects of stakeholder participation on the quality of bicycle infrastructure. A case of Rattanakosin bicycle lane, Bangkok, Thailand. Case. Stud. Transp. Policy. 9: 637–650 (14 pages).
23
Robinah, N.; Safiki, A.; Thomas, O.; Annette, B., (2022). Impact of road infrastructure equipment on the environment and surroundings. Global J. Environ. Sci. Manage., 8(2): 1-14 (14 pages).
24
Shrestha, A.; Mullins, B.; Zhao, Y.; Selvel, L.A.; Rumchev, K., (2020). Exposure to air pollutants among cyclists: a comparison of different cycling routes in Perth, Western Australia. Air. Qual. Atmos. Heal., 13: 1023–1034 (12 pages).
25
Siam Traffic, (2021). Road marking material use guidelines. Siam Traffic Co., Ltd.
26
Singsaktrakul, P.; Muneenam, U., (2019). Cycling Tourism Situation in Songkhla Special Economic Zone. Humanities, Social Sciences, and Arts, 12(2): 890–909 (20 pages).
27
SPU, (2012). Project appraisal guidelines. National Roads Authority, Dublin.
28
TGGMO, (2014). NAMA (Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action). Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization.
29
TGGMO, (2021a). Emission factor. Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization.
30
TGGMO, (2021b). Carbon credit prices. Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization.
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Community empowerment of waste management in the urban environment: More attention on waste issues through formal and informal educations
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Indonesia's economic growth is estimated to be driven by high levels of consumption which lead to large amounts of waste. Education is required to raise environmental awareness among the population as it is one of the ways to overcome the waste issue, especially in urban areas, which are the engines of economic growth. This study aims to determine whether the higher levels of education have a greater impact on citizens regarding environmental concerns such as littering.METHODS: The study took logistics regression on the primary data survey from 7 cities (Jakarta, Jambi, Muaro Jambi, Ambon, Padang, Surabaya, and Tasikmalaya) in Indonesia during 2019-2021. The survey includes 563 observations on the household level, involving a total of 2,349 respondents. The logistic regression predicts the likelihood of urban citizens to litter, given their socio-economic backgrounds and existing littering behavior and environmental awareness.FINDINGS: This study found that education did not affect decreasing the value of littering behavior as expected since it is estimated that an increase of 1 year in school will increase the probability of littering by 0.0189. Formal education is not enough to decrease the probability of littering behavior on the individual level. In contrast, informal education taught on keeping a clean environment matters is better than conventional formal education. Besides that, having self-initiative on environmental caring and good habits from childhood will decrease the probability of littering on an individual level. An individual has a self-initiative, the probability of littering will be 0.1732 times lower than those who do not have self-initiative. This study also found that per capita income and per capita expenditure in big cities in Indonesia ranged between USD 156,903 and USD 116,857. These economic factors affect the behavior of citizens not to litter. The per capita expenditure increasing by USD 1 per person per day will decrease the probability of littering by -0.0468. However, these factors are not enough to minimize the littering behavior since the disposal place availability becomes another keys factor in decreasing littering behavior on urban citizens.CONCLUSION: The government should also focus on building citizens' behavior regarding waste management awareness especially building good habits since childhood and individual initiative, simultaneously implementing the programs to reduce waste production.
https://www.gjesm.net/article_246468_a1e8e41fb9b363586677687aeed9a6ca.pdf
2022-04-01
209
224
10.22034/GJESM.2022.02.05
Awareness
Behavior
education
Littering
Logistic regression
Waste management
A.
Brotosusilo
broto.susilo@ui.ac.id
1
Faculty of Law, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia
LEAD_AUTHOR
D.
Utari
dyah.utari15@gmail.com
2
Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Indonesia
AUTHOR
H.
Negoro
adinegoro9@gmail.com
3
Department of Economic, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
AUTHOR
A.
Firdaus
azharfirdaus@ui.ac.id
4
School of Environmental Science, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
AUTHOR
R.
Velentina
vnapitupulu@yahoo.com
5
Faculty of Law, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia
AUTHOR
Adzawla, W.; Tahidu, A.; Mustapha, S.; Azumah, S.B., (2019). Do socioeconomic factors influence households’ solid waste disposal systems? Evidence from Ghana. Waste Manage. Res., 37(1): 51–57 (7 pages).
1
Alessa, L.; Bennett, S.M.; Kliskey, A.D., (2003). Effects of knowledge, personal attribution and perception of ecosystem health on depreciative behaviors in the intertidal zone of Pacific Rim National Park and Reserve. J. Environ. Manage., 68(2): 207–218 (12 pages).
2
Alexander, C.; Smaje, C.; Timlett, R.; Williams, I., (2009). Improving social technologies for recycling. Proc. ICE-Waste Res. Manage., 162(1): 15–28 (14 pages).
3
Alhassan, H.; Kwakwa, P.; Owusu-Sekere, E., (2020). Households’ source separation behaviour and solid waste disposal options in Ghana’s Millennium City. J. Environ. Manage., 259: 110055 (10 pages).
4
Alhassan, M.; Muhammad, J., (2013). Households’ demand for better solid waste disposal services: case study of four communities in the New Juaben Municipality, Ghana. J. Sustainable Dev., 6: 16–25 (10 pages).
5
Al-Khatib, I.A.; Aafat, H.A.; Daoud, R.; Shwahneh, H., (2009). Enhanced solid waste management by understanding the effects of gender, income, marital status, and religious convictions on attitudes and practices related to street littering in Nablus – Palestinian territory. Waste Manage., 29: 449–455 (7 pages).
6
Azizi, A.; Malakmohamadi, B.; Jafari, H.R. (2016). Land use and land cover spatiotemporal dynamic pattern and predicting changes using integrated CA-Markov model. Global J. Environ. Sci. Manage. 2(3): 223-234 (12 pages).
7
Bahri, R.; Rachmaniyah; Darjati, (2020). Evaluation of Waste Management Facilities Through Land-Based Marine Litter Data: Case Study of Kenjeran Beach, Surabaya. J. Environ. Sci. Sustainable Dev., 3(1): 156–176 (21 pages).
8
Bamberg, S.; Moser, G., (2007). Twenty years after Hines, Hungerford, and Tomera: A new meta-analysis of psycho-social determinants of pro-environmental behavior. J. Environ. Psychol., 27: 14–25 (12 pages).
9
Bator, R.J.; Bryan, A.D.; Schultz, P.W., (2010). Who gives a hoot? Intercept surveys of litterers and disposers. Environ. Behav., 43: 295 (21 pages).
10
Brotosusilo, A.; Handayani, D., (2020). Dataset on waste management behaviors of urban citizens in large cities of Indonesia. Data Brief, 32: 106053 (11 pages).
11
BPS, (2020). Statistical yearbook of Indonesia 2020, BPS.
12
Carpenter, E.; Wolverton, S., (2017). Plastic litter in streams: The behavioral archaeology of a pervasive environmental problem. Appl. Geog., 84: 93–101 (9 pages).
13
Cialdini, R.; Reno, R.; Kallgren, C., (1990). A focus theory of normative conduct: Resysling the concept of norms to reduce littering in public place. J. Personality Social Psychol., 58(6): 1015–1026 (12 pages).
14
Cruz, J.E.; Emery, R.E.; Turkheimer, E., (2012). Peer network drinking predicts increased alcohol use from adolescence to early adulthood after controlling for genetic and shared environmental selection. Dev. Psychol., 48(5): 1390–1402 (13 pages).
15
Cuc, M.C., (2014). The influence of media on formal and informal education. Proc. Social Behav. Sci., 143: 68–72 (5 pages).
16
Dodds, R.; Holmes, M.R., (2018). Education and certification for beach management: Is there a difference between residents versus visitors? Ocean Coastal Manage., 160: 124–132 (9 pages).
17
Eastman, L.; Nunez, P.; Crettier, B.; Thiel, M., (2013). Identification of self-reported user behavior, education level, and preferences to reduce littering on beaches. A survey from the SE Pacific. Ocean Coastal Manage., 78: 18–24 (7 pages).
18
Finnie, W.C., (1973). Field experiments in litter control. Environ. Behav., 5(2): 123–144 (22 pages).
19
Folke, C.; Gunderson, L., (2002). A kaleidoscope of change. Conserv. Ecol., 6(1): 19: (7 pages).
20
Fraj, E.; Marinez, E., (2006). Influence of personality on ecological consumer behavior. J. Consum. Behav., 5: 167–181 (15 pages).
21
Fransson, N.; Garling, T., (1999). Environmental concern: Conceptual definitions, measurement methods, and research findings. J. Environ. Psychol., 19: 369–382 (14 pages).
22
Gunderson, K.; Barns, C.V.; Hendricks, W.W.; McAvoy, L.H., (2000). Wilderness education: An updated review of the literature and new directions for research and practice. USDA For. Serv. Proc., 4: 253–259 (7 pages).
23
Hilburn, A.M., (2015). At home or to the dump? Household garbage management and the trajectories of waste in a Rural Mexican Municipio. J. Latin Am. Geog., 14(2): 29–52 (24 pages).
24
Hoomweg, D.; Bhada-Tata, P., (2012). What a waste: A global review of solid waste management. Urban development series, knowledge papers, No. 15. World Bank, Washington, DC.
25
Jefferson, M., (2019). Whither plastics? Petrochemicals, plastics and sustainability in a garbage-riddled world. Energy Res. Soc. Sci., 56: 101229 (8 pages).
26
Kedzierski, M.; Frere, D.; Le maguer, G.; Bruzaud, S., (2020). Why is there plastic packaging in the natural environment? Understanding the roots of our individual plastic waste management behaviours. Sci. Total Environ., 740: 139985 (9 pages).
27
Keizer, K.; Lindenberg, S.; Steg, L., (2013). The importance of demonstratively restoring order. Plos One, 8(6): e65137 (7 pages).
28
Kollmus, A.; Agemyeman, J., (2002). Mind the gap: Why do people act environmentally and what are the barriers to proenvironmental behavior? Environ. Edu. Res., 8(3): 239–260 (22 pages).
29
Kompas, (2020). Indonesia Hasilkan 64 Juta Ton Sampah, Bisakah Kapasitas Pengelolaan Tercapai Tahun 2025? (Indonesia Produces 64 Million Tons of Waste, Can Management Capacity Be Reached By 2025?).
30
Kumara, A.S.; Pallegedara, A., (2020). Household waste disposal mechanisms in Sri Lanka: Nation-wide survey evidence for their trends and determinants. Waste Manage., 114(1): 62–71 (10 pages).
31
Leonidou, L.; Coudounaris, D.N.; Kvasova, O.; Christodoulides, P., (2015). Drivers and outcomes of green tourist attitudes and behavior: Sociodemographic moderating effect. Physchol. Marketing, 32(6): 635–650 (16 pages).
32
Maki, A.; Raimi, K.T., (2016). Environmental peer persuasion: How moral exporting and belief superiority relate to efforts to influence others. J. Environ. Psychol., 49: 18–29 (12 pages).
33
Mcllgorm, A.; Campbell, H.; Rule, M., (2011). The economic cost and control of marine debris damage in the Asia-Pacific region. Ocean Coastal Manage., 54: 643–651 (9 pages).
34
McNicholas, G.; Cotton, M., (2019). Stakeholder perceptions of marine plastic waste management in the United Kingdom. Ecol. Econ., 163: 77–87 (11 pages).
35
Ningrum, Z.B.; Herdiansyah, H., (2018). Environmental awareness and behavior of college students in regards to the environment in urban area. E3S Web of Conferences, 74: 10004 (6 pages).
36
Oosterhuis, F.; Papyrakis, E.; Boteler, B., (2014). Economic instruments and marine litter control. Ocean Coast. Manage., 102: 47–54 (8 pages).
37
Permana, E., (2019). Indonesia hasilkan 67 juta ton sampah pada 2019 (Indonesia produced 67 million tons of waste in 2019). Anodolu Agency.
38
Rai, R.K.; Bhattarai, D.; Neupane, S., (2019). Designing solid waste collection strategy in small municipalities of developing countries using choice experiment. J. Urban Manage., 8(3): 386–395 (10 pages).
39
Ruliana, V.; Soemantojo, R.W.; Asteria, D., (2019). Assessing a community-based waste separation program through examination of correlations between participation, information exposure, environmental knowledge, and environmental attitude. ASEAN J. Community Engagement, 3(1): 2 (27 pages).
40
Saphores, J.; Nixon, H.; Ogunseitan, O.A.; Shapirro, A.A., (2006). Household willingness to recycle electronic waste: An application to California. Environ. Behav., 38(2): 182–208 (27 pages).
41
Schultz, P.W.; Bator, R.J.; Large, L.B.; Bruni, C.M.; Tabanico, J.J., (2011). Littering in context: Personal and environmental predictors of littering behavior. Environ. Behav., 20(10): 1–25 (25 pages).
42
Slavin, C.; Grage, A.; Campbell, M.L., (2012). Linking social drivers of marine debris with actual marine debris on beaches. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 64: 1580–1588 (9 pages).
43
Suleman, Y.; Darko, E.; Agyemang-Duah, W., (2015). Solid waste disposal and community health implications in Ghana: Evidence from Sawaba, Asokore Mampong Municipal Assembly. J. Civ. Environ. Eng., 5(6): 202 (6 pages).
44
Ten-Brink, P.; Lutchman, I.; Bassi, S.; Speck, S.; Sheavly, S.; Register, K.; Woolaway, C., (2009). Guidelines on the use of market-based instruments to address the problem of marine litter. IEEP, Sheavly consultants.
45
Timlett, R.; Williams, I.D., (2011). The ISB model (infrastructure, service, behaviour): A tool for waste practitioners. Waste Manage., 31(6): 1381–1392 (12 pages).
46
Tobing, I.S.L., (2005). Dampak Sampah terhadap Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Manusia (Impact of Waste on Environmental and Human Health).
47
Varotto, A.; Spagnolli, A., (2017). Psychological strategies to promote household recycling. A systematic review with meta-analysis of validated field interventions. J. Environ. Psychol., 51: 168–188 (21 pages).
48
Viscusi, W.K.; Huber, J.; Bell, J.; Cecot, C., (2013). Discontinuous behavioral responses to recycling laws and plastic water bottle deposits. Am. Law Econ. Rev., 15(1): 110–155 (46 pages).
49
Weaver, R., (2015). Littering in context(s): Using a quasi-natural experiment to explore geographic influences on antisocial behavior. Appl. Geog., 57: 142–153 (12 pages).
50
Wichels, A.; Harth, B.; Gerdts, G., (2016). Linking Education and Science to Increase Awareness of Marine Plastic Litter—Distribution of Plastic Waste on Beaches of the German Bight. Fate Impact Microplastics Mar. Ecosyst., 162–163 (8 pages).
51
World Bank, (2018). What a waste: An updated look into the future of solid waste.
52
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Laboratory analysis to determine the accurate characteristics of urban food waste
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although the characteristics food waste have been well studied, some of the problems associated with result reporting have not been addressed. The related data are usually reported by referring to the global statistics, using the empirical models, and performing the laboratory analysis. The aims of the current study were to analyze the municipal food waste characteristics (including physical, proximate, ultimate and heating value analysis), monitor the differences among the laboratory methods, and highlight the significant differences among the food waste characteristics more accurately.METHODS: Sampling was performed weekly at a disposal site located in Sari, Mazandaran, Iran. Food waste was extracted from the municipal solid waste samples. Moisture content, pH, organic matter, ash content, organic carbon, carbon to nitrogen ratio, low heating value and chemical equation of the waste were determined and compared by statistical indices.FINDINGS: The results showed no significant difference between proximate analysis and global statistics for sampling including organic matter and moisture content. In ultimate analysis, statistical investigation of the laboratory results showed that Walkley and black, Kjeldahl, and dry ashing/ion chromatography methods had more accuracy compared to determination by elemental analyzer which puts direct impact on extracted chemical equation. In addition, heating value investigation by empirical models based on proximate analysis (13.6 MJ/kg) was closer to the bomb calorimeter results (13.4 MJ/kg) in average. However, the models developed based on ultimate analysis, including Dulong, Steuer, and Scheurer-Kestner, had a lower accuracy (with higher heating value of 1.4 to 5 MJ/kg). Surveying the reliable sources highlighted the gap in extracted chemical equation and heating value of the food waste with real amount. These findings provided appropriate information about solid waste management and characterization.CONCLUSION: Investigation of the gap among laboratory methods revealed that determination method was a key factor in accurate characterization of food waste. Thus, without using the most accurate laboratory methods, the implementation of waste management plans would face major problems.
https://www.gjesm.net/article_247092_d062120c94780f5bbb6be7f903b091aa.pdf
2022-04-01
225
236
10.22034/GJESM.2022.02.06
Accurate determination
Characterization
Comparative analysis
Heat value
Waste management
A.
Charkhestani
ali_charkhestani@yahoo.com
1
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
AUTHOR
D.
Yousefi Kebria
dy.kebria@nit.ac.ir
2
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Adhikari, B.K.; Barrington, S.; Martinez, J., (2006). Predicted growth of world urban food waste and methane production. Waste Manage. Res., 24: 421–433 (12 pages).
1
ASTM D3173, (2017). Standard test method for moisture in the analysis sample of coal and coke. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
2
ASTM D3174-12, (2018). Standard test method for ash in the analysis sample of coal and coke from coal. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
3
ASTM D5231-92, (2016). Standard test method for determination of the composition of unprocessed municipal solid waste. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
4
ASTM E777-17a, (2017). Standard test method for carbon and hydrogen in the analysis sample of refuse-derived fuel. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
5
ASTM E775-15, (2021). Standard test method for total sulfur in the analysis sample of refuse-derived fuel. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
6
ASTM e778-15, (2021). Standard test methods for nitrogen in refuse-derived fuel analysis samples. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
7
Baawain, M.; Al-Mamun, A.; Omidvarborna, H.; Al-Amri, W., (2017). Ultimate composition analysis of municipal solid waste in Muscat. J. Clean. Prod., 148: 355–362 (8 pages).
8
Bayard, R.; Benbelkacem, H.; Gourdon, R.; Buffière, P., (2018). Characterization of selected municipal solid waste components to estimate their biodegradability. J. Environ. Manage., 216: 4-12 (9 pages).
9
Boumanchar, I.; Chhiti, Y.; M’hamdi Alaoui, F.E.; Sahibed-dine, A.; Bentiss, F.; Jama, C., Bensitel, M., (2018). Municipal solid waste higher heating value prediction from ultimate analysis using multiple regression and genetic programming techniques. Waste Manage. Res., 37: 578–589 (12 pages).
10
Carmona-Cabello, M.; Garcia, I.L.; Leiva-Candia, D.; Dorado, M.P., (2018). Valorization of food waste based on its composition through the concept of biorefinery. Curr. Opin. Green Sustain. Chem. 14: 67-79 (13 pages).
11
Carmona-Cabello, M.; García, I.L.; Sáez-Bastante, J.; Pinzi, S., Koutinas, A.A.; Dorado, M.P., (2020). Food waste from restaurant sector - characterization for biorefinery approach. Bioresour. Technol., 301: 122779 (37 pages).
12
Chang, Y.F.; Lin, C.J.; Chyan, J.M.; Chen, I.M.; Chang, J.E., (2007). Multiple regression models for the lower heating value of municipal solid waste in Taiwan. J. Environ. Manage., 85: 891–899 (9 pages).
13
Chen, W.H.; Lin, Y.Y.; Liu, H.C.; Chen, T.C.; Hung, C.H.; Chen, C.H.; Ong, H.C., (2019). A comprehensive analysis of food waste derived liquefaction bio-oil properties for industrial application. Appl. Energy., 237: 283–291 (8 pages).
14
De Laurentiis, V.; Caldeira, C.; Sala, S., (2020). No time to waste: assessing the performance of food waste prevention actions. Resour. Conserv. Recycl., 161: 104946 (10 pages).
15
EEA, (2013a). Municipal waste management in Sweden [Online]. European Environment Agency.
16
EEA, (2013b). Municipal waste management in Germany. European Environment Agency.
17
EPA, (2016). Advancing sustainable materials management: 2016 recycling economic information (REI) report methodology. United States Environmental Protection Agency.
18
FAO, (2012). Towards the future we want: end hunger and make the transition to sustainable agricultural and food Systems. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
19
Golhosseini. Z,; Jalili Ghazizadeh. M., (2021). Municipal solid waste status in Iran; from generation to disposal. Preprint, available at Research Square., 1-17 (17 pages).
20
Guo, W.; Zhou, Y.; Zhu, N.; Hu, H.; Shen, W.; Huang, X.; Zhang, T.; Wu, P.; Li, Z., (2018). On site composting of food waste: a pilot scale case study in China. Resour. Conserv. Recycl., 132: 130–138 (9 pages).
21
Heaton, L.; Fullen, M. A.; Bhattacharyya, R., (2016). Critical analysis of the van Bemmelen con-
22
version factor used to convert soil organic matter data to soil organic carbon data: compara-
23
tive analyses in a UK loamy sand soil. Espaço Aberto., 6(1): 35-44 (10 pages).
24
IPCC, (2006). Waste generation, compositions and management data. Guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, WMO/UNEP.
25
JNMSWF, (1991). Design guide for the facility of solid waste disposal. Japan National Municipal Solid Waste Foundation, Tokyo.
26
Pichtel, J., (2005). Waste management practices: municipal, hazardous, and industrial. CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group.
27
Kamyab, H.; Lim, J.S.; Khademi, T.; Ho, W.S.; Ahmad, R.; Hashim, H.; Ho, C.S.; Keyvanfar, A.; Lee, C.T., (2015a). Greenhouse gas emission of organic waste composting: a case study of universiti teknologi Malaysia green campus flagship project. J. Teknol., 74(4): 113-117 (5 pages).
28
Kamyab, H.; Goh, R.K.Y.; Wong, J.H.; Lim, J.S.; Khademi, T.; Ho, W.S.; Ahmad, R.; Hashim, H.; Ho, C.S.; Lee, C.T., (2015b). Cost-benefit and greenhouse-gases mitigation of food waste composting: a case study in Malaysia. Chem. Eng. Trans., 45: 577-582 (6 pages).
29
Kaza, S.; Yao, L.C.; Bhada-Tata P; Van woerden, F., (2018). What a waste 2.0 : a global snapshot of solid waste management to 2050. Urban Development. World Bank, Washington, DC.
30
Kiely, G., (1997). Environmental engineering. McGraw-Hill, New York.
31
Lü, F.; Shao, L.-M.; Zhang, H.; Fu, W.-D.; Feng, S.-J.; Zhan, L.-T.; Chen, Y.-M.; He, P.-J., (2018). Application of advanced techniques for the assessment of bio-stability of biowaste derived residues: A minireview. Bioresour. Technol., 248: 122-133 (12 pages).
32
Meng, Y.; Li, S.; Yuan, H.; Zou, D.; Liu, Y.; Zhu, B.; Li, X., (2015). Effect of lipase addition on hydrolysis and biomethane production of Chinese food waste. Bioresour. Technol., 179: 452–459 (8 pages).
33
Norbu, T.; Visvanathan, C.; Basnayake, B. (2005). Pretreatment of municipal solid waste prior to landfilling. Waste Manage., 25: 997–1003 (7 pages).
34
Paritosh, K.; Kushwaha, S.K.; Yadav, M.; Pareek, N.; Chawade, A.; Vivekanand, V., (2017). Food waste to energy: an overview of sustainable approaches for food waste management and nutrient recycling. BioMed Res. Int., 1–19 (19 pages).
35
Raharjo, S.; Ruslinda, Y.; Bachtiar, V.S.; Regia, R.A.; Fadhil, M.; Rachman, I.; Matsumoto, T., (2018). Investigation on Municipal Solid Waste Characteristics from Commercial Sources and Their Recycling Potential in Padang City, Indonesia. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., 288, 121-134 (13 pages).
36
Sánchez-Monedero, M.A.; Roig, A.; Paredes, C.; Bernal, M.P., (2001). Nitrogen transformation during organic waste composting by the Rutgers system and its effects on pH, EC and maturity of the composting mixtures. Bioresour. Technol., 78: 301–308 (8 pages).
37
Selvam, A.; Ilamathi, P.; Udayakumar, M.; Murugesan, K.; Banu, R.; Khanna, Y.; Wong, J., (2021) Current developments in biotechnology and Bioengineering; Food Waste Properties. Elsevier, 11–41 (31 pages).
38
Tchobanoglous, G.; Theisen, H.; Vigil, S., (1993). Integrated solid waste management engineering principles and management issues, McGraw-Hill series in water resource and environmental engineering. McGraw-Hill, New York.
39
Troschinetz, A.M.; Mihelcic, J.R., (2009). Sustainable recycling of municipal solid waste in developing countries. Waste Manage., 29: 915–923 (9 pages).
40
Van Dooren, C.; Janmaat, O.; Snoek, J.; Schrijnen, M., (2019). Measuring food waste in Dutch households: A synthesis of three studies. Waste Manage., 94: 153–164 (12 pages).
41
Van Herpen, E.; Van der Lans, I.A.; Holthuysen, N.; Nijenhuis-de Vries, M.; Quested, T.E., (2019). Comparing wasted apples and oranges: An assessment of methods to measure household food waste. Waste Manage., 88: 71–84 (14 pages).
42
Walkley, A.; Black, I.A., (1934). An examination of the degtjareff method determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci., 37: 29–38 (10 pages).
43
Weatherspark, (2021). Climate and average weather year round in Sari, Iran.
44
Wilson, D.G., (1977). Handbook of solid waste management. Van Norstrand Reinhold, New York.
45
World Bank, (2012). What a waste: a global review of solid waste management, Urban Development Series. World Bank, Washington, DC.
46
Xue, L.; Liu, G.; Parfitt, J.; Liu, X.; Van Herpen, E.; Stenmarck, Å.; O’Connor, C.; Östergren, K.; Cheng, S., (2017). Missing food, missing data? A critical review of global food losses and food waste data. Environ. Sci. Technol., 51: 6618–6633 (16 pages).
47
Yang, F.; Li, G.X.; Yang, Q.Y.; Luo, W.H., (2013). Effect of bulking agents on maturity and gaseous emissions during kitchen waste composting. Chemosphere. 93: 1393–1399 (7 pages).
48
Zhou, H.; Meng, A.; Long, Y.; Li, Q.; Zhang, Y., (2014). An overview of characteristics of municipal solid waste fuel in China: Physical, chemical composition and heating value. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 36: 107–122 (16 pages).
49
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A basis water quality monitoring plan for rehabilitation and protection
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Safeguarding water resources became a major concern in many parts of the world as it aims to provide safe and healthy water for humans. Water quality monitoring is a popular tool in ensuring water quality is safe and within the allowable limits and standards for the health of the community. To provide interventions and strategies for the rehabilitation, a water quality monitoring plan was conducted to describe the water quality and the classification of the river.METHODS: This study conducted an environmental analysis to determine existing conditions and processes in the surrounding environment such as the land use, drainage pattern, reconnaissance survey of the river, and a key interview to describe the barangay profile and the community's water use and practices. The water quality monitoring covers the evaluation of ten water quality parameters: temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, phosphate, nitrate, oil and grease, chloride, and E. coli.FINDINGS: Results of the study presents the water quality against the ten water quality criteria. Phosphate measured on four stations ranges between 2.40-4.50 mg/L exceeding the allowable 0.50mg/L; the oil and grease exceeds the standards 2 mg/L with measured values of 2.40-4.60 mg/L in stations 2, 3, and 4; while measured chloride in all stations prove that the water is salty with values exceeding the freshwater requirement of 250mg/L; and the measured TSS in stations 2, 3 and 4 ranges from 32.30 to 49.3 mg/L exceeds the standards of 30mg/L. E. coli was also detected in water samples collected in all sampling stations. The computed water quality index of 39.02 described water as poor, always impaired, and threatened by the surrounding environment. CONCLUSION: The measured concentrations for phosphate, oil/ grease, chloride, and TSS exceeds the water quality requirement suggesting that the water is contaminated. The E. coli detected in all water samples, further recommends prohibition of recreational activities to avoid accidental intakes and skin contact on the polluted water. The existing activities in the surrounding residential, commercial and agricultural areas contributed to water contamination as aggravated by the unreliable drainage system, absence of proper sanitation facilities, and collection and disposal behavior of the community. From this, a scientific basis can be drawn on how the river can be rehabilitated and protected and serve as guide for policymakers and water managers on implementing strategies to achieve sustainable water resources.
https://www.gjesm.net/article_245946_302595c3714257aa4c3c93cf685d3b01.pdf
2022-04-01
237
250
10.22034/GJESM.2022.02.07
Environmental analysis
Pandurucan River
Water quality analysis (WQA)
Water Quality Index (WQI)
Water quality management plan (WQMP)
M.
Enriquez
michelle_d_enriquez@dlsu.edu.ph
1
Gokongwei College of Engineering, De La Salle University, 524-4611 Philippines
LEAD_AUTHOR
R.
Tanhueco
renan.tanhueco@dlsu.edu.ph
2
Gokongwei College of Engineering, De La Salle University, 524-4611 Philippines
AUTHOR
Adamu C.I.; Nganje T.N.; & Edet A., (2015). Heavy metal contamination and health risk assessment associated with abandoned barite mines in Cross River State, Southeastern Nigeria. Environ. Nanotechnol. Monit. Manage. 3: 10-21 (12 pages).
1
Akter T.; Jhohura F.T.; Akter F.; Chowdhury T.R.; Mistry S.K.; Dey D.; Barua MK.; Islam MA ; Rahman M., (2016). Water Quality Index for measuring drinking water quality in rural Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study. J Health Popul Nutr., 35(4), (12 pages).
2
Bartram J.; Ballance R., (1996). Water quality monitoring- a practical guide to the design and implementation of freshwater quality studies and monitoring programs. UNEP and WHO.
3
Bodzin A., (2004). Phosphates in the stream. Pennsylvania, USA.
4
CCME, (2001). Canadian Water Quality Index 1.0 Technical report and user’s manual. Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment. Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines Water Quality Index Technical Subcommittee, Gatineau, QC, Canada.
5
Debels P.; Figueroa R.; Urrutia R.; Barra R.; Nielle X., (2005). Evaluation of water quality in the Chillan River ´ (Central Chile) using physicochemical parameters and a modified water quality index. Environ. Monit. Assess., 110: 301–322 (22 pages).
6
Decena S.C.; Arguelles M.S.; Robel L.L., (2018). Assessing heavy metal contamination in surface sediments in an urban river in the Philippines. Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 27(5): 1983-1995 (13 pages).
7
DENR-EMB, (2016). Water quality guidelines and general effluents standards of 2016. Department of Environment and Natural Resources-Environmental Management Bureau.
8
FOEN, (2012). Indicator water temperature of surface waters. Department of the Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications. Federal Office for the Environment.
9
Cabacungan G.C., (2016). Water crisis looms in Metro Manila. Philippine Daily Inquirer, Philippines.
10
Gorme J.B.; Maniquiz M.C.; Pum S.; Lee-Hyung K., (2010). The water quality of the Pasig River in the city of Manila, Philippines: Current Status, Management and Future Recovery. Environ. Eng. Res., 15(3): 173-179 (7 pages).
11
Khan S.; Lau S.L.; Kayhania M.M.; Stenstrom M.K., (2006). Oil and grease measurement in highway runoff sampling time and event mean concentration. J. Environ. Eng., 132: 415-422 (8 pages).
12
Liu J.; Dong H.W.; Tang X.L., (2009). Genotoxicity of water from the Songhua River, China, in 1994– 1995 and 2002–2003: potential risks for human health. Environ. Pollut., 157(2): 357- 364 (8 pages).
13
Li B.K.; Bishop P.L., (2004). Oxidation-reduction potential changes in aeration tanks and micro profiles of activated sludge floc in medium- and low-strength wastewaters. Water Environ. Res., 76(5): 394–403 (10 pages).
14
LGU San Jose, (2017). Municipal disaster risk reduction plan 2017-2021. LGU-San Jose, Occidental Mindoro. Local Government Unit of San Jose, Occidental Mindoro.
15
LGU San Jose, (2020). Barangay Health Profile. LGU-San Jose, Occidental Mindoro. Local Government Unit of San Jose, Occidental Mindoro.
16
Maglangit F.F.; Galapate R.P.; Bensig E.O., (2014). Physicochemical-assessment of the water Quality of Buhisan River, Cebu, Philippines. Int. J. Res. Environ. Sci. Tech., 4(2): 83-87 (5 pages).
17
Martinico-Perez M.G.; Hara J.P.; Cabrestante M.P., (2019). Evaluation of Water Quality of Major Rivers in Palawan, Philippines Using Physico-Chemical Parameters and Water Quality Index. NSO.
18
Martinez F.B.; Galera, I.C., (2011). Monitoring and evaluation of the water quality of Taal Lake, Talisay, Batangas, Philippines. Acad. Res. Int., 1(1): 229-236 (8 pages).
19
Mohiuddin K.M.; Ogawa Y.; Zakir H.M.; Otomo K.; Shikazono N., (2011) Heavy metals
20
contamination in water and sediments of an urban river in a developing country. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 8 (4): 723-736 (13 pages).
21
Moslem S.; Ramezanpour Z.; Imanpour J.; Mahmoudifard A.; Rahmani T., (2013). Water quality assessment of the Zarivar Lake using physico-chemical parameters and NSF- WQI indicator, Kurdistan Province-Iran. Int. J. Adv. Biol. Biomed. Res., 1(3): 302-312 (11 pages).
22
Neri A.C.; Wee V.P.; Hoyohoy G.B., (2012). Water Quality of Mantayupan River in Barili, Cebu, Philippines. Ann. Trop. Res., 34(2): 95-111(17 pages).
23
PAG-ASA, (2021). Meteorological data of San Jose, Occidental Mindoro. Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration.
24
Parry M.; Canziani, O.; Palutikof J.; Van Der Linden P.; Hanson C., (2007). Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. Printed in USA at the University Press, New York.
25
Purushothaman P.; Chakrapani G.J., (2007). Heavy metals fractionation in Ganga River sediments, India. Environ. Monit. Assess., 132(1-3): 475-489 (15 pages).
26
Ram S.; Vajpayee P.; Shanker, R., (2008). Contamination of potable water distribution systems by multi antimicrobial-resistant enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Environ. Health Perspect., 116 (4): 448-452 (5 pages).
27
Razzaghmanesh M.; Mohammai K.; Samani J.M.V., (2005). A river quality simulation using WASP6: case study. 9th Environmental Engineering Specialty Conference, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 2nd-4th June.
28
Regmi R.K.; Binaya K.M., (2016). Use of water quality index in water quality assessment: A case study in the Metro Manila. Water and Urban Initiative Working Paper Series.
29
Said, A.; Steven, D.K.; Sehlke, G., (2004). Environmental assessment: An innovative index for evaluating water quality in streams. Environ. Manage., 34 (3): 406-414 (9 pages).
30
Skordas K., Kelepertzis E., Kosmidis D., Panagiotaki P., Vafidis D., (2015). Assessment of nutrients and heavy metals in the surface sediments of the artificially lake water reservoir Karla,Thessaly, Greece. Environ. Earth. Sci., 73: 4483-4493 (11 pages).
31
USEPA, (1999.) Understanding oil spills and oil spill response. United States Environmental Protection Agency.
32
US EPA, (2005). Designing water quality monitoring programs for watershed projects. United States Environmental Protection Agency.
33
Wei B.; Yang L., (2010). A review of heavy metal contaminations in urban soils, urban road dusts and agricultural soils from China. Microchem. J. 94: 99-107 (9 pages).
34
Wright J.; Gundry S.; Conroy R., (2004). Household drinking water in developing countries: a systematic review of microbiological contamination between source and point-of-use. Med. Int. Health. 9(1): 106-117 (9 pages).
35
WHO, (2012). Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, Fourth Edition, World Health Organization.
36
WHO, (2003). Total dissolved solids in drinking-water: Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for drinking-water quality. Originally published in guidelines for drinking-water quality, 2nd ed. Vol. 2. Health criteria and other supporting information. World Health Organization, Geneva.
37
Wu Z.; Wang X.; Chen Y.; Cai Y.; Deng J., (2018). Assessing river water quality using water quality index in Lake Taihu Basin, China. Sci., Total Environ. 612: 914-922 (9 pages).
38
Yogendra K.; Puttaiah E.T., (2008). Determination of water quality index and suitability of an urban water body in Shimoga Town, Karnataka. Proceedings of Taal 2007. The 12th World Lake Conference. 342-346 (5 pages).
39
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Impact of road infrastructure equipment on the environment and surroundings
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The effect of infrastructure equipment is taking a toll on the health and economic well-being of residents all around the world. This is mainly because it contributes to ambient air pollution, noise, and vibration in the surroundings. The study aimed at analyzing the effects of the road infrastructure equipment on the surroundings in Uganda. The emissions of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrocarbons, and particulate matter were analyzed.METHODS: Six road infrastructure equipment were sampled consisting of an excavator, roller, grader, concrete mixer, tamper, and wheel loader, obtained from a case study project in Kampala city, Uganda. The diesel exhaust air emissions were computed and analyzed using the emissions rate equation model for non-road equipment, developed by Environmental Protection Agency. This was based on the horsepower and power rating of the equipment. Noise and vibrations levels were obtained using a sound level meter, seismometers, and accelerators, while following the National Environment Regulations.FINDINGS: The greenhouse gas of carbon dioxide was the most predominant accounting for 84.1 percent of the total emissions. The grader was the highest emitter of this greenhouse gas, at 1,531.5 g/h, representing 37.1%. The lowest air pollutant emission was nitrogen dioxide at 1.43 g/h for the concrete mixer, representing 1.4%. Overall, the equipment emitted more greenhouse gases than air criteria pollutants at 88.8% and 11.2% respectively. The highest criteria air pollutant was particulate matter at 100.5 g/h, emitted by the grader. Most of the emissions met the standards stipulated by Environmental Protection Agency, for reducing emissions back to the environment, except particulate matter. However, the concentrations of some pollutants like carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide did not satisfy the limits required for ambient air quality that is safe for workers. All the equipment had noise levels way above the recommended 70.00 decibel, except for the wheel loader. Only the excavator produced vibrations higher than permissible vibration limit by 4%.CONCLUSION: The criteria air pollutants of carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter emitted by the equipment were all not safe to the workers. They exceeded the permissible limits of 50 ppm, 5 ppm, and 0.02 g/kW/h respectively. This partly shows why ambient air pollution had been reported in urban centers in Uganda. The study shows the need for strengthening the regulations and monitoring of the construction equipment being used, in order to protect the surroundings.
https://www.gjesm.net/article_245962_93fc9fd0a3358aabbc5169343e46d9e9.pdf
2022-04-01
251
264
10.22034/GJESM.2022.02.08
Effects
emissions
Noise
Road Infrastructure equipment
Vibrations
N.
Robinah
rnabatuusa75@gmail.com
1
Department of Lands and Architectural Studies, Faculty of Engineering Kyambogo University, Kyambogo, Uganda
AUTHOR
A.
Safiki
sainomugisha@kyu.ac.ug
2
Department of Lands and Architectural Studies, Faculty of Engineering Kyambogo University, Kyambogo, Uganda
LEAD_AUTHOR
O.
Thomas
tokello@kyu.ac.ug
3
Department of Lands and Architectural Studies, Faculty of Engineering Kyambogo University, Kyambogo, Uganda
AUTHOR
B.
Annette
annettebazairwe@gmail.com
4
Department of Lands and Architectural Studies, Faculty of Engineering Kyambogo University, Kyambogo, Uganda
AUTHOR
Ahn, C.; Martinez, J.C.; Rekapalli, P.V.; Peña-Mora, F.A., (2009). Sustainability analysis of earthmoving operations. In Proceedings of the 2009 Winter Simulation Conference. IEEE. 2605-2611 (7 pages).
1
Akan, M.Ö.A.; Dhavale, D.G.; Sarkis, J., (2017). Greenhouse gas emissions in the construction industry: An analysis and evaluation of a concrete supply chain. J. Cleaner Prod., 167: 1195-1207 (13 pages).
2
Alzard, M.H.; Maraqa, M.A.; Chowdhury, R.; Khan, Q.; Albuquerque, F.D.; Mauga, T.I.; Aljunadi, K.N., (2019). Estimation of greenhouse gas emissions produced by road projects in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Sustainability, 11(8): 2367 (16 pages).
3
Andersson, P.; Johansson, A., (2012). Disturbances of the surroundings in an urban infrastructure project. Master''s thesis, Chalmers University of Technology. Sweden (36 pages).
4
Arocho, I.; Rasdorf, W.; Hummer, J., (2014). Methodology to forecast the emissions from construction equipment for a transportation construction project. Const. Res. Cong. 2014: Cons. Global Net., 554-563 (10 pages).
5
Avetisyan, H.G.; Miller-Hooks, E.; Melanta, S., (2011). Decision models to support greenhouse gas emissions reduction from transportation construction projects. J. Constr. Eng. Manage., 138(5): 631-641 (11 pages).
6
Balasbaneh, A.T.; Marsono, A.K.B., (2017). Strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from residential sector by proposing new building structures in hot and humid climatic conditions. Build. Environ., 124: 357-368 (12 pages).
7
Barati, K.; Shen, X., (2016). Operational level emissions modelling of on-road construction equipment through field data analysis. Autom. Constr., 72: 338-346 (9 pages).
8
Battaglia, M.; Sampling, N.; Lavrakas, P.J., (2008). Encyclopedia of survey research methods (11 pages).
9
Birol, F., (2016). Energy and air pollution: world energy outlook special report 2016 (226 pages).
10
CARB, (2009). Carl moyer memorial air quality standards attainment program.
11
CMS, (2018). The world''s fastest-growing cities and urban areas from 2006 to 2020. City Mayors Statistics.
12
DEQ, (2017). Sources of diesel exhaust. Department of environmental quality.
13
DieselNet, (2012) “What are Diesel Emissions,” DieselNet Technology Guide, 2012.
14
EPA, (2005). User’s guide for the final NONROAD2005 model. EPA-420-R-05-013, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, office of transportation and air quality, Ann Arbor, MI (42 pages).
15
EPA (2016) “NAAQS table,” US Environmental Protection Agency.
16
EPA, (2017). Multi-pollutant Comparison: Air Emissions Inventories. US Environmental Protection Agency.
17
EPA, (2008). Quantifying greenhouse gas emissions in key industrial sectors. EPA 100-R-08-002, Sector Strategies Division, US EPA, Washington D.C. (132 pages).
18
Fan, H., (2017). A critical review and analysis of construction equipment emission factors. Procedia Eng., 196: 351-358 (8 pages).
19
Feng, C.Y.; Noh, N.I.F.M.; Al Mansob, R., (2020). Study on the factors and effects of noise pollution at construction site in Klang Valley. J. Adv. Res. Appl. Sci. Eng. Tech., 20(1): 18-26 (9 pages).
20
Giunta, M., (2020). Assessment of the environmental impact of road construction: Modelling and prediction of fine particulate matter emissions. Build. Environ., 176: 106865 (8 pages).
21
Giunta, M.; Bosco, L.D.; Leonardi, G.; Scopelliti, F., (2019). Estimation of gas and dust emissions in construction sites of a motorway project. Sustainability, 11(24): 7218 (14 pages).
22
Heidari, B.; Marr, L.C., (2015). Real-time emissions from construction equipment compared with model predictions. J. air. Wast. Manag. Assoc., 65(2), 115-125 (12 pages).
23
Israel, G.D., (1992). Determining sample size (5 pages).
24
Kantová, R., (2017). Construction Machines as a Source of Construction noise. Procedia Eng., 190: 92-99 (8 pages).
25
Lee, H.P.; Wang, Z.; Lim, K.M., (2017). Assessment of noise from equipment and processes at construction sites. Build. Acoust., 24(1), 21-34 (14 pages).
26
Kirenga, B.J.; Nantanda, R.; De Jong, C.; Mugenyi, L.; Meng, Q.; Aniku, G.; Williams, S.; Tukamuhebwa, H.A.; Kamya, M.; Schwander, S.; Molen, T.D.; Mohsenin, V., (2018). Lung function of children at three sites of varying ambient air pollution levels in Uganda: a cross sectional comparative study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 15(12): 2653 (13 pages).
27
Kwon, N.; Park, M.; Lee, H.S.; Ahn, J.; Kim, S., (2017). Construction noise prediction model based on case-based reasoning in the preconstruction phase. J. Constr. Eng. Manage., 143(6): 04017008.
28
Mangalekar, S.B., Jadhav, A.S., & Raut, P.D., (2012). Study of noise pollution in Kolhapur city, Maharashtra, India. Sleep, 35, 16 (5 pages).
29
Marzouk, M.; Abdelkader, E.M.; El-zayat, M.; Aboushady, A., (2017). Assessing environmental impact indicators in road construction projects in developing countries. Sustainability, 9(5): 843 (21 pages).
30
Matagi, S. V., (2002). Some issues of environmental concern in Kampala, the capital city of Uganda. Env. Monit. assess., 77(2): 121-138 (18 pages).
31
Montadka, N.P., (2017). Comprehensive analysis of PM2. 5 pollution from construction activities (87 pages).
32
Moretti, L.; Mandrone, V.A.D.A.; D''Andrea, A.; Caro, S., (2018). Evaluation of the environmental and human health impact of road construction activities. J. Cleaner Prod., 172: 1004-1013 (20 pages).
33
National Environment Regulations (NER) (2013). Noise and vibrations standards and control (75 pages).
34
Notter, B.; Schmied, M., (2015). Non-road energy consumption and pollutant emissions, Study for the period from 1980 to 2050, Feder. Offic. Env., Bern. Env. Stud., (1519): 237 (239 pages).
35
Occupational safety and health administration (OSHA) (2019). Permissible Exposure Limits for Airborne Contaminants: Safety and Health Regulations for Construction.
36
OSHA, (2017) “Diesel exhaust/diesel particulate matter,” Occupational safety and health (4 pages).
37
Ozcelik, M., (2018). Back analysis of ground vibrations which cause cracks in buildings in residential areas Karakuyu (Dinar, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey). Nat. Hazard., 92(1): 497-509 (13 pages).
38
Pilusa, T.J.; Mollagee, M.M.; & Muzenda, E., (2012). Reduction of vehicle exhaust emissions from diesel engines using the whale concept filter. Aer. Air Qua. Res., 12(5), 994-1006 (13 pages).
39
Rasdorf, W.; Frey, C.; Lewis, P.; Kim, K.; Pang, S.H.; Abolhassani, S., (2010). Field procedures for real-world measurements of emissions from diesel construction vehicle. J. Infrastruct. Syst., 16(3): 216-225 (10 pages).
40
Reddy, B.S.A., (2017). Estimating Air pollutant emissions for non-road equipment using EPA moves–case study of a building project (83 pages).
41
Roberts, C., (2009). Construction noise and vibration impact on sensitive premises. Proceed. Acoust. 2009 (10 pages).
42
Schwander, S.; Okello, C.D.; Freers, J.; Chow, J.C.; Watson, J.G.; Corry, M.; Meng, Q., (2014). Ambient particulate matter air pollution in Mpererwe District, Kampala, Uganda: A pilot study. J. Environ. Public Health. Article ID 763934 (8 pages).
43
Schwela, D., (2012). Review of urban air quality in Sub-Saharan Africa region. (251 pages).
44
Svinkin, M.R., (2004). Minimizing construction vibration effects. Pract. Period. Struct. Des. Constr., 9(2): 108-115 (8 pages).
45
UBOS, (2015). 2015 Statistical abstract. Kampala: Uganda bureau of statistics (353 pages).
46
World Health Organization (WHO), (2018).
47
World urbanization trends, (2014). World urbanization prospects the 2014 revision (517 pages).
48
Zhang, G.; Sandanayake, M.; Setunge, S.; Li, C.; Fang, J., (2017). Selection of emission factor standards for estimating emissions from diesel construction equipment in building construction in the Australian context. J. Environ. Manage., 187: 527-536.
49
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Dispersion modelling of particulate matter concentrations of sand product plants in a mineral complex
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sand and gravel product plants are among the significant sources of dust pollutants. This study was conducted to estimate dust concentrations released from these plants in a mineral complex in the southwest of Tehran.METHODS: Initially, the amount of silt and moisture content of the samples taken from these plants were determined according to the American Society for Testing and Materials C136 and D2216 methods, respectively. Accordingly, the rates of particulate matter emissions from these plants were determined by the AP-42 dust emission estimation methods published by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Next, a Gaussian model was used to estimate the particulate matter concentrations in the surrounding residential areas. Finally, the simulated concentrations were compared with the United States Environmental Protect Agency and World Health Organization standards.FINDINGS: Results showed that hauling operations, with producing 70%, 86%, and 90% of total PM2.5, PM10 and total suspended particulates, respectively, were the major sources of dust emission in the sand and gravel product plants. The lowest dust emission was related to stockpiling handling, producing 0.24%, 0.33%, and 0.16% of the total PM2.5, PM10 and total suspended particulates. The results of the presented model indicated that 24-hour average concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, and total suspended particulates produced by mining activities were about 36, 183, and 690 µg/m3 in the working zone and less than 30, 100, and 400 µg/m3 beyond the mineral complex boundary, respectively. Thus, annual average dust concentrations were negligible. The concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 produced by these plants in the mineral complex ambient air were higher than the standard average values recommended by the United States Environmental Protect Agency and World Health Organization. However, the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 from these plants in the residential areas around the complex, were below the standard limits proposed by the Environmental Protection Agency.CONCLUSION: Sand and gravel mining activities increased the concentrations of particulate matter in the air of the surrounding areas and, to some extent, farther cities. PM2.5 and PM10 resulting from the sand and gravel mining activities could damage the workers in the mineral complex. They exceeded the 24-hour average permissible limits proposed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency about 1 and 33 µg/m3, respectively. This study showed the necessity of changing the industrial policies adopted to decrease dust emission rates. The results of this study can help the air pollution experts develop proper strategies for improving the air quality in the vicinity of surface mines.
https://www.gjesm.net/article_246819_2bc1b446e32c312e5753e2d2660cbd22.pdf
2022-04-01
265
280
10.22034/GJESM.2022.02.09
AERMOD model
Air Quality
Emission factor
Particulate Matter
Sand and gravel product plant
Y.
Zehtab Yazdi
yaser.zehtab.yazdi@gmail.com
1
Department of Environment Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
N.
Mansouri
nmansourin@gmail.com
2
Department of Environment Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
F.
Atabi
far-atabi@jamejam.net
3
Department of Environment Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
H.
Aghamohammadi
hossein.aghamohammadi@gmail.com
4
Department of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ako, T.A.; Onoduku, U.S.; Oke, S.A.; Essien, B.I.; Idris, F.N.; Umar, A.N; Ahmed, A.A., (2014). Environmental effects of sand and gravel mining on land and soil in Luku, Minna, Niger State, North Central Nigeria. J. Geosci., 2(2): 42-49 (8 pages).
1
Alkas, D., (2016). A case study for the assessment of settleable and suspended particulate material in sand and gravel industry. J. Pollut. Eff. Cont., 4(3): 1-4 (4 pages).
2
Anderson, J.; Thundiyil, J.; Stolach, A., (2012). Clearing the air: A review of the effects of particulate matter air pollution on human health. J. Med. Toxicol., 8(2): 166-75 (10 pages).
3
Asif, Z; Chen, Z.; Han, Y., (2018). Air quality modelling for effective environmental management in the mining region. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 68(9): 1001-1014 (14 pages).
4
Badr, D.; Harion, J.L., (2007). Effect of aggregate storage piles configuration on dust emissions. J. Atmos. Environ., 41(2): 360-368 (9 pages).
5
Cheremisinoff, N.P., (2002). Handbook of air pollution prevention and control, Elsevier Science (USA).
6
Cho, D.O., (2006). Challenges to the sustainable development of marine sand in Korea. Ocean Coast. Manage, 49(1-2): 1-21 (21 pages).
7
Cimorelli, A.J.; Perry, S.G.; Venkatram, A.; Weil, J.C.; Paine, R.J.; Wilson, R.B.; Lee, R.F.; Peters, W.D.; Brode, R.W.; Paumier, J.O., (2004). AERMOD: Description of model formulation. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
8
Cimorelli, A.J.; Perry, S.G.; Venkatram, A.; Weil, J.C.; Paine, R.J.; Wilson, R.B.; Lee, R.F.; Peters, W.D.; Brode, R.W., (2005). AERMOD: A dispersion model for industrial source applications. Part I: General model formulation and boundary layer characterization. J. Appl. Meteorol., 44(5): 682–693 (13 pages).
9
Ezeh, G.C.; Obioh, I.B.; Asubiojo, O.I.; Abiye, O.E., (2012). PIXE characterization of PM10 and PM2.5 particulates sizes collected in Ikoyi Lagos, Nigeria. Toxicol. Environ. Chem., 94(5): 884-894 (14 pages).
10
Gautam, S.; Patra, A.K., (2015). Dispersion of particulate matter generated at higher depths in opencast mines. Environ. Technol. Innov, 3: 11–27 (17 pages).
11
Heger, M.; Sarraf, M., (2018). Air pollution in Tehran: Health costs, sources, and policies: World Bank Group.
12
Holmes, N.; Morawska, L., (2006). A review of dispersion modelling and its application to the dispersion of particles: An overview of different dispersion models available. Atmos. Environ., 40(30): 5902-5928 (27 pages).
13
Lashgari, A.; Kecojevic, V., (2016). Comparative analysis of dust emission of digging and loading equipment in surface coal mining. Int. J. Min. Reclam. Environ. 30(3): 181-196 (16 pages).
14
Leili, M.; Naddafi, K.; Nabizadeh, R.; Yunesian, M.; Mesdaghinia, A.; (2008). The study of TSP and PM10 concentration and their heavy metal content in central area of Tehran, Iran. Air Qual. Atmos. Health. 1(3): 159–166 (7 pages).
15
Lilic, N.; Cvjetic, A.; Knezevic, D.; Milisavljevic, V.; Pantelic, U., (2018). Dust and noise environmental impact assessment and control in Serbian Mining Practice. Minerals, 8(2), 34: 1-15 (15 pages).
16
Lilic, N.; Knezevic, D.; Cvjetic, A.; Milisavljevic, V., (2012). Dust dispersion modelling for an opencast coal mining area. Tehnika., 67 (6): 911–918 (8 pages).
17
Lohe, R.N.; Tyagi, B.; Singh, V.; Tyagi, P.; Khanna, D.R.; Bhutiani, R., (2015). A comparative study for air pollution tolerance index of some terrestrial plant species. Global J. Environ. Sci. Manage., 1(4): 315-324 (10 pages).
18
Mandal, K.; Kumar, A.; Tripayhi, N.; Singh, R.S.; Chaulya, S.K.; Mishra, P.K.; Bandyopadhyay, L.K., (2011). Characterization of different road dusts in opencast coal mining areas of India. Environ. Monit. Assess, 184 (6): 3427–3441 (15 pages).
19
Naveen Saviour, M., (2012). Environmental impact of soil and sand mining: a review. Int. J. Sci. Enviro., 1(3): 125-134 (10 pages).
20
Neshuku, M.N.; (2012). Comparison of the performance of two atmospheric dispersion models (AERMOD and ADMS) for open pit mining sources of air pollution. MSc, University of Pretoria.
21
Onabowale, M.K.; Owoade, O.K., (2015). Assessment residential indoor outdoor airborne particulate matter in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria. Donnish J. Physical. Sci., 1(1): 001-007 (7 pages).
22
Owen Harrop, D.; (2005). Air quality assessment and management: A practical guide. Taylor & Francis e-Library.
23
Ruckerl, R.; Schneider,Chneider, A.; Breitner, S.; Cyrys, J.; Peters, A., (2011). Health effects of particulate air pollution: A review of epidemiological evidence. Inhal. Toxicol., 23(10): 555-92 (38 pages).
24
Sastry, V.R.; Chandar, K.R.; Nagesha, K.V.; Muralidhar, E; Mohiuddin, M.S., (2015). Prediction and analysis of dust dispersion from drilling operation in opencast coal mines. Procedia Earth Planet. Sci., 11: 303-311 (9 pages).
25
Sozaeva, L.; Kagermazov, A., (2020). Environmental impacts of mining and processing of sand-gravel mix. E3S Web Conferences, 157, 02020.
26
Thad Godish, T., (2005). Air Quality. 4th Edition ed.: Taylor & Francis e-Library.
27
Theodore, L., (2008). Air pollution control equipment calculations, Hoboken, New Jersey, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
28
Trivedi, R.; Chakraborty, M.K.; Tiwary, B.K., (2009). Dust dispersion modelling using fugitive dust model at an opencast coal project of Western Coalfields Limited, India. JSIR, 68(1):71–78 (8 pages).
29
US EPA, (1993a). Emissions factors and AP 42, Compilation of air pollutant emission factors. Volume 1: stationary point and area sources Ap-42. Procedures for sampling surface/Bulk dust loading. United States Environmental Protection Agency.
30
US EPA, (1993b). Emissions factors and AP 42, Compilation of air pollutant emission factors. Volume 1: stationary point and area sources Ap-42. Procedures for laboratory analysis of surface/Bulk dust loading samples. United States Environmental Protection Agency.
31
US EPA, (1995a). Emissions factors and AP 42, Compilation of air pollutant emission factors. Volume 1: stationary point and area sources. Chapter 11: Mineral products industry, 11.19.1 Sand, and gravel processing. United States Environmental Protection Agency.
32
US EPA, (1995b). Emissions factors and AP 42, Compilation of air pollutant emission factors. Volume 1: Stationary point and area sources. Introduction to AP 42, Volume I. United States Environmental Protection Agency.
33
US EPA, (2004). Emissions factors and AP 42, Compilation of air pollutant emission factors. Volume 1: Stationary point and area sources. Chapter 11: Mineral products industry, 11.19.2: Crushed stone processing and pulverized mineral processing. United States Environmental Protection Agency.
34
US EPA, (2006a). Emissions factors and AP 42, Compilation of air pollutant emission factors. Volume 1: Stationary point and area sources. Chapter 13: Miscellaneous sources, 13.2.4: Aggregate handling, and storage pile. United States Environmental Protection Agency.
35
US EPA, (2006b). Emissions factors and AP 42, Compilation of air pollutant emission factors. Volume 1: Stationary point and area sources. Chapter 13: Miscellaneous sources, 13.2.2: Unpaved Road. United States Environmental Protection Agency.
36
US EPA, (2006c). Emissions factors and AP 42, Compilation of air pollutant emission factors. Volume 1: Stationary point and area sources. Chapter 13: Miscellaneous sources, 13.2.5: Industrial wind erosion. United States Environmental Protection Agency.
37
US EPA, (2011). Emissions factors and AP 42, Compilation of air pollutant emission factors. Volume 1: Stationary point and area sources. Chapter 13: Miscellaneous sources, 13.2.1: Paved roads. United States Environmental Protection Agency.
38
US EPA, (2020a). Criteria air pollutants. United States Environmental Protection Agency.
39
US EPA, (2020b). Air emissions factors and quantification, AP-42: Compilation of air emissions factors. United States Environmental Protection Agency.
40
US EPA, (2021a). Particulate matter (PM) basics. United States Environmental Protection Agency.
41
US EPA, (2021b). User’s guide for the AERMOD meteorological pre-processor (AERMET). United States Environmental Protection Agency.
42
US EPA, (2021c). National ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) for PM. United States Environmental Protection Agency.
43
Van Der Meulen, F.; Salman, A.H.P.M., (1996). Management of Mediterranean coastal dunes. Ocean Coast Manag, 30(2-3): 177-195 (19 pages).
44
WHO, (2006). WHO air quality guidelines for particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide: Global update 2005: summary of risk assessment. World Health Organization.
45
WRAP (2004). Fugitive dust control measures applicable for the Western Regional air partnerships. Fugitive dust handbook, Western Governor’s Association, Denver, Colorado, USA.
46
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Agricultural waste management generated by agro-based industries using biotechnology tools
The amount of agricultural waste generated by agro-based industries such as palm oil, rubber, and wood processing plants have more than tripled. Selangor, Perak, and Johor account for 65.7 percent of the total number of recognised pollution sources in the manufacturing and agro-based sectors. Livestock dung is another major cause of pollution, contributing significantly to increase pollution levels in the environment. Large portion of agro-industrial waste is untreated and unused, it is frequently disposed of by replicating or dumping then again off the cuff landfilling. These untreated wastes wreak havoc on natural change by releasing ozone-depleting chemicals. Aside from that, the usage of fossil fuels is also leading to an increase in ozone-depleting compounds. Agro-waste is a huge environmental hazard in the current epidemic situation. The management of agro-waste and the conversion of agro-waste into a usable product through the application of biotechnological technologies in agriculture are receiving a lot of attention in today''s world. Solid state fermentation is the finest approach for converting agro-waste into valuable bio products among biotechnological instruments. Various agro-wastes such as wheat straw, barley straw, cotton stalks, sunflower stacks, and oil cakes from various agriculture goods, as well as major horticulture wastes such as apple, mango, orange peels, and potato peels, were used to create beneficial products in this review. All aspects of the production of industrial products from various agro-waste by using microorganisms such as Amycolatopsis Mediterranean, Xanthomonas campestries, and Aspergillus niger producing biopolymers such as polysaccharides, similar to starch, cellulose, agar, hemi-celluloses, gelatin, alginate, and carrageenan are covered in the current revels. Yeasts and cyanobacteria are commonly employed to make bio-lipids, whereas Bacillus species are utilised to make proteins and bio-enzymes. Cucumber and orange strips, on the other hand, have recently been employed to create proteins and bio-enzymes. As a result, this review covers the many forms of agro-wastes and their by-products as well as biotechnological technologies used to treat them.
https://www.gjesm.net/article_246977_772d480573902fc0557936efbdd76ed8.pdf
2022-04-01
281
296
10.22034/GJESM.2022.02.10
Agro-Waste
Bio-enzymes
Bio-lipids
Microorganisms
Oil cakes
D.
Sivakumar
sivakumar.gjesm@gmail.com
1
Kalasalingam School of Agriculture and Horticulture, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishankoil, Srivilliputhur, Tamil Nadu, India
LEAD_AUTHOR
P.
Srikanth
pcdgene@gmail.com
2
Kalasalingam School of Agriculture and Horticulture, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishankoil, Srivilliputhur, Tamil Nadu, India
AUTHOR
P.
Ramteke
pwramteke@gmail.com
3
Faculty of Life Sciences, Mandsaur University, Mandsaur, India
AUTHOR
J.
Nouri
nourijafar@gmail.com
4
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Aguilera, E.; Díaz-Gaona, C.; García-Laureano, R.; Reyes-Palomo, C.; Guzmán, G.I.; Ortolani, L.; Sánchez-Rodríguez, M.; Rodríguez-Estévez, V., (2020). Agroecology for adaptation to climate change and resource depletion in the Mediterranean Region. A Review. Agric. Syst., 181: 102809 (21 Pages).
1
Akyüz, A.; Ersus, S., (2021). Optimization of enzyme assisted extraction of protein from the sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaves for alternative plant protein concentrate production. Food Chem., 335: 127673 (31 Pages).
2
Aruna, T.E.; Aworh, O.C.; Raji, A.O.; Olagunju, A.I., (2017). Protein enrichment of yam peels by fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (BY4743). Ann. Agric. Sci., 62: 33-37 (5 Pages).
3
Avci, A., Saha, B.C.; Dien, B.S.; Kennedy, G.J.; Cotta, M.A., (2013). Response surface optimization of corn stover pretreatment using dilute phosphoric acid for enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol production. Biores. Technol., 130: 603-612 (10 Pages).
4
Bala, J.D.; Lalung, J.; Ismail, N., (2014). Palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment ‘‘microbial communities in an anaerobic digester’’: A Review. Int. J. Sci. Res. Publ., 4(6): 1-24 (24 Pages).
5
Belgacem, M.N.; Gandini, A., (2008). Chapter 1: The state of the art, Editor(s): Mohamed Naceur Belgacem, Alessandro Gandini, Monomers, polymers and composites from renewable resources. Elsevier, 1-16 (16 Pages).
6
Bhargav, S.; Panda, B.P.; Ali, M.; Javed, S., (2008). Solid-state fermentation: an overview. Chem. Biochem. Eng., 22(1): 49-57 (9 Pages).
7
Biddy, M.J.; Davis, R.; Humbird, D.; Tao, L.; Dowe, N.; Guarnieri, M.T.; Linger, J.G.; Karp, E.M.; Salvachúa, D.; Vardon, D.R.; Beckham, G.T., (2016). The techno-economic basis for coproduct manufacturing to enable hydrocarbon fuel production from lignocellulosic biomass. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng., 4: 3196-3211 (21 Pages).
8
Bjerre, A.B.; Olesen, A.B.; Fernqvist, T., (1996). Pretreatment of wheat straw using combined wet oxidation and alkaline hydrolysis resulting in convertible cellulose and hemicellulose. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 49: 568-577 (10 Pages).
9
Blattner, C.E., (2020). Just transition for agriculture? A critical step in tackling climate change. J. Agric. Food Syst. Commun. Dev., 9(3): 53-58 (6 Pages).
10
Boukroufa, M.; Boutekedjiret, C.; Petigny, L.; Rakotomanomana, N.; Chemat, F., (2015). Bio-refinery of orange peels waste: a new concept based on integrated green and solvent free extraction processes using ultrasound and microwave techniques to obtain essential oil, polyphenols and pectin. Ultrason. Sonochem., 24: 72-79 (8 Pages).
11
Cadoche, L.; Lopez, G.D., (1989). Assessment of size reduction as a preliminary step in the production of ethanol from lignocellulosic wastes. Biol. Waste, 30: 153-157 (5 Pages).
12
Chimphango, A.F.A.; Mugwagwa, L.R.; Swart, M., (2020). Extraction of multiple value-added compounds from agricultural biomass waste: A review. In: Daramola M., Ayeni A. (eds) Valorization of biomass to value-added commodities. Green Energy Technol., Springer, Cham., 163-192 (30 Pages).
13
Cristóbal, J.; Caldeira, C.; Corrado, S.; Sala, S., (2018). Techno-economic and profitability analysis of food waste biorefineries at European level. Bioresour. Technol., 259: 244-252 (9 Pages).
14
Dobrynin, M.; Murawski, J.; Baehr, J.; Ilyina, T., (2015). Detection and attribution of climate change signal in ocean wind waves. J. Clim., 28: 1578-1591 (14 Pages).
15
Duhan, J.S.; Kumar, A.; Tanwar, S.K., (2013). Bioethanol production from starchy part of tuberous plant (potato) using Saccharomyces cerevisiae MTCC-170. Afr. J. Microbiol. Res., 7: 5253-5260 (8 Pages).
16
Duque-Acevedo, M.; Belmonte-Ureña, L.J.; Cortés-García, F.J.; Camacho-Ferre, F., (2020). Agricultural waste: Review of the evolution, approaches and perspectives on alternative uses. Global. Ecol. Conserv., 22: 1-23 (23 Pages).
17
El-Tayeb, T.S.; Abdelhafez, A.A.; Ali, S.H.; Ramadan, E.M., (2012). Effect of acid hydrolysis and fungal biotreatment on agro-industrial wastes for obtainment of free sugars for bioethanol production. Braz. J. Microbiol., 43(4): 1523-1535 (13 Pages).
18
Ezejiofor, T.I.N.; Duru, C.I.; Asagbra, A.E.; Ezejiofor, A.N.; Orisakwe, O.E.; Afonne, J.O.; Obi, E., (2012). Waste to wealth: production of oxytetracycline using streptomyces species from household kitchen wastes of agricultural produce. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 11(43): 10115-10124 (10 Pages).
19
Faisal, l.P.A.; Hareesh, E.S.; Priji, P.; Unni, K.N.; Sajith, S.; Sreedevi, S.; Josh, M.S.; Benjamin, S., (2014). Optimization of parameters for the production of lipase from Pseudomonas sp. BUP6 by solid state fermentation. Adv. Enzyme Res., 2: 125-133 (9 Pages).
20
Ferrentino, G.; Morozova, K.; Mosibo, O.K.; Ramezani, M.; Scampicchio, M., (2018). Biorecovery of antioxidants from apple pomace by supercritical fluid extraction. J. Clean. Prod., 186: 253-261 (9 Pages).
21
Fidelis, M.; Moura, D.C.; Junior, K.T.; Pap, N.; Mattila, P.; Mäkinen, S.; Putnik, P.; Kovaˇcevi´c, B.D.; Tian, Y.; Yang, B.; Granato, D., (2019). Fruit seeds as sources of bioactive compounds: Sustainable production of high value-added ingredients from by-products within circular economy. Molecules, 24(21): 3854-3907 (54 Pages).
22
Garcia-Mendoza, M.P.; Paula, J.T.; Paviani, L.C.; Cabral, F.A.; Martinez Correa, H.A., (2015). Extracts from mango peel by-product obtained by supercritical CO2 and pressurized solvent processes. LWT - Food Sci. Technol., 62(1): 131-137 (7 Pages).
23
Girotto, F.; Alibardi, L.; Cossu, R., (2015). Food waste generation and industrial uses: A review. Waste Manage., 45: 32-41 (10 Pages).
24
Gong, Z.; Shen, H.; Zhou, W.; Wang, Y.; Yang, X.; Zhao, Z.K., (2015). Efficient conversion of acetate into lipids by the oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus curvatus. Biotechnol. Biofuels., 8(1): 189-197 (9 Pages).
25
Guan, Y.; Wang, Q.; Lv, C.; Wang, D.; Ye, X., (2021). Fermentation time-dependent pectinase activity is associated with metabolomics variation in Bacillus licheniformis DY2. Process Biochem., 101: 147-155 (9 Pages).
26
Hegerl, G.C.; Brönnimann, S.; Cowan, T.; Friedman, A.R.; Hawkins, E.; Iles, C.; Müller, W.; Schurer, A.; Undorf, S., (2019). Causes of climate change over the historical record. Environ. Res. Lett., 14: 123006 (25 Pages).
27
Huang, X.F.; Liu, J.N.; Lu, L.J.; Peng, K.M.; Yang, G.X.; Liu, J., (2016). Culture strate‑ gies for lipid production using acetic acid as sole carbon source by Rhodosporidium toruloides. Bioresour. Technol., 206: 141-149 (9 Pages).
28
Jagtap, S.; Bhatt, C.; Thik, J.; Rahimifard, S., (2019). Monitoring potato waste in food manufacturing using image processing and internet of things approach. Sustainability, 11(11): 3173-3184 (12 Pages).
29
Javed, A.; Ahmad, A.; Tahir, A.; Shabbir, U.; Nouman, M.; Hameed, A., (2019). Potato peel waste-its nutraceutical, industrial and biotechnological applications. AIMS Agric. Food, 4: 807-823 (17 Pages).
30
Kadim, I.T.; Mahgoub, O.; Baqir, S.; Faye, B.; Purchas, R., (2015). Cultured meat from muscle stem cells: A review of challenges and prospects. J. Integr. Agric., 14: 222-233 (12 Pages).
31
Kehili, M.; Schmidt, L.M.; Reynolds, W.; Zammel, A.; Zetzl, C.; Smirnova, I.; Allouche, N.; Sayadi, S., (2016). Biorefinery cascade processing for creating added value on tomato industrial by-products from Tunisia. Biotechnol. Biofuels, 9: 261-272 (12 Pages).
32
Kelly, N.P.; Kelly, A.L.; Mahony, J.A., (2019). Strategies for enrichment and purification of polyphenols from fruit-based materials. Trends Food Sci. Technol., 83: 248-258 (11 Pages).
33
Kumar, P.; Barrett, D.M.; Delwiche, M.J.; Stroeve, P., (2009). Methods for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for efficient hydrolysis and biofuel production. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 48(8): 3713-3729 (17 Pages).
34
Kumar, A.; Duhan, J.S.; Gahlawat, S.K.; Surekha., (2014). Production of ethanol from tuberous plant (sweet potato) using Saccharomyces cerevisiae MTCC[1]170. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 13(28): 2874-2883 (10 Pages).
35
Kumar, A.; Sadh, P.K.; Surekha.; Duhan, J.S., (2016). Bio-ethanol production from sweet potato using co-culture of saccharolytic molds (Aspergillus spp.) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae MTCC170. J. Adv. Biotechnol., 6(1): 822-827 (6 Pages).
36
Kuo, L.H., (1967). Animal feeding stuffs. Part 3. Compositional data of feeds and concentrates. Malaysia Agric. J., 46(1): 63-79 (17 Pages).
37
Leisner, C.P., (2020). Review: Climate change impacts on food security- focus on perennial cropping systems and nutritional value. Plant. Sci., 293: 110412-110418 (7 Pages).
38
Limayema, A.; Ricke, S.C., (2012). Lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production: current perspectives, potential issues and future prospects. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 38(4): 449-467 (19 Pages).
39
Lopes, M.; Gomes, A.S.; Silva, C.M.; Belo, I., (2018). Microbial lipids and added value metabolites production by Yarrowia lipolytica from pork lard. J. Biotech., 265: 76-85 (10 Pages).
40
Martin, J.G.P.; Porto, E.; Correa, C.B.; Alencar, S.M.; Gloria, E.M.; Cabral, I.S.R; Aquino, L.M., (2012). Antimicrobial potential and chemical composition of agro industrial wastes. J. Nat. Prod., 5: 27-36 (10 Pages).
41
Matharu, A.S.; De Melo, E.M.; Houghton, J.A., (2016). Opportunity for high value-added chemicals from food supply chain wastes. Bioresour. Technol., 215: 123-130 (8 Pages).
42
Mehta, K.; Duhan, J.S., (2014). Production of invertase from Aspergillus niger using fruit peel waste as a substrate. Intern. J. Pharm. Biol. Sci., 5(2): 353-360 (8 Pages).
43
Maymone, B.; Battaglini, A.; Tiberio, M., (1961). Feeding value of oil cake. Ann. Ist. sper. zootec. Roma., 8: 257-296 (40 Pages).
44
Mg, G.; Gaonkar, S.K.; Furtado, I.J., (2021). Valorization of low-cost agro-wastes residues for the maximum production of protease and lipase haloextremozymes by Haloferax lucentensis. Process Biochem., 101: 72-88 (17 Pages).
45
Mondal, A.K.; Sengupta, S.; Bhowal, J.; Bhattacharya, D.K., (2012). Utilization of fruit wastes in producing single cell protein. Intern. J. Sci. Environ. Technol., 1(5): 430-438 (9 Pages).
46
Motte, J.C.; Trably, E.; Escudié, R.; Hamelin, J.; Steyer, J.P.; Bernet, N.; Delgenes, J.P.; Dumas, C., (2013). Total solids content: a key parameter of metabolic pathways in dry anaerobic digestion. Biotechnol. Biofuels, 6: 1-9 (9 Pages).
47
Muniraj, I.K.; Xiao, L.; Liu, H.; Zhan, X., (2015). Utilisation of potato processing wastewater for microbial lipids and γ-linolenic acid production by oleaginous fungi. J. Sci. Food Agric., 95(15): 3084-3090 (7 Pages).
48
Najaf, G.; Ghobadian, B.; Tavakoli, T.; Yusaf, T., (2009). Potential of bioethanol production from agricultural wastes in Iran. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 13(6-7): 1418-1427 (10 Pages).
49
Nascimento, T.P.; Sales, A.E.; Camila, C.S.; Romero, R.M.P.; Takaki, G.M.C.; Teixeira, J.A.C.; Porto, T.S.; Porto, A.L.F., (2015). Production and characterization of new fibrinolytic protease from mucor subtillissimus UCP 1262 in solid-state fermentation. Adv. Enzyme Res., 3(3): 81-91 (11 Pages).
50
Nigam, P.S.; Gupta, N.; Anthwal, A., (2009). Pre-treatment of agro-industrial residues. In: Nigam PS, Pandey A (eds) Biotechnology for agro-industrial residues utilization. Springer, Heidelberg, 13-33 (21 Pages).
51
Ong, K.L.; Kaur, G.; Pensupa, N.; Uisan, K., Lin, C.S.K., (2018). Trends in food waste valorization for the production of chemicals, materials and fuels: Case study south and southeast Asia. Bioresour. Technol., 248: 100-112 (13 Pages).
52
Owusu, K.; Christensen, D.A.; Owen, B.D., (1970). Nutritive value of some Ghanian feedstuffs. Can. J. Anim. Sci., 50(1): 1-14 (14 Pages).
53
Ozturk, B.; Parkinson, C.; Gonzales-Miquel, M., (2018). Extraction of polyphenolic antioxidants from orange peel waste using deep eutectic solvents. Sep. Purif. Technol., 206: 1-13 (13 Pages).
54
Paepatung, N.; Nopharatana, A.; Songkasiri, W., (2009). Bio-methane potential of biological solid materials and agricultural wastes. Asian J. Energy Env., 10(01): 19-27 (9 Pages).
55
Pandey, A., (2003). Solid state fermentation. Biochem. Eng. J., 13: 81-84 (4 Pages).
56
Pereira, G.V.M.; Neto, C.D. P.; Ju´nior, A. I. M.; Va´squez, Z. S.; Medeiros, A. B. P.; Vandenberghe, L. P. S., (2019). Exploring the impacts of postharvest processing on the aroma formation of coffee beans—A review. Food Chem., 272: 441-452 (12 Pages).
57
Pérez-Jiménez, J.; Díaz-Rubio, M.E.; Saura-Calixto, F., (2013). Non-extractable polyphenols, a major dietary antioxidant: occurrence, metabolic fate and health effects. Nutr. Res. Re., 26(2): 118-129 (12 Pages).
58
Pleissner, D.; Eriksen, N.T., (2012). Effects of phosphorous, nitrogen, and carbon limitation on biomass composition in batch and continuous flow cultures of the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 109(8): 1-12 (12 Pages).
59
Pleissner, D.; Lam, W.C.; Sun, Z.; Lin, C.S.K., (2013). Food waste as nutrient source in heterotrophic microalgae cultivation. Biores. Technol., 137: 139-146 (8 Pages).
60
Polson, D.; Hegerl, G.; Zhang, X.; Osborn, T., (2013). Causes of robust seasonal land precipitation changes. J. Clim., 26(17): 6679-6697 (19 Pages).
61
Poore, J.; Nemecek, T., (2018). Reducing food’s environmental impacts through producers and consumers. Science, 360(6392): 987-992 (6 Pages).
62
Pourkarimi, S.; Hallajisani, A.; Alizadehdakhel, A.; Nouralishahi, A., (2021). Bio-oil production by pyrolysis of Azolla filiculoides and Ulva fasciata macroalgae. Global J. Environ. Sci. Manage., 7(3): 331-346 (16 Pages).
63
Prasanna, R.; Sood, A.; Suresh, A.; Nayak, S.; Kaushik, B., (2007). Potentials and applications of algal pigments in biology and industry. Acta Bot. Hung., 49(1-2): 131-156 (26 Pages).
64
Rahman, K.H.A.; Yusof, S.J.H.M.; Zakaria, Z., (2016). Bioproteins production from palm oil agro-industrial wastes by Aspergillus terreus UniMAP AA-1. Pertanika J. Trop. Agric. Sci., 39(1): 29-39 (11 Pages).
65
Ramachandran.; Patel, A.K.; Nampoothiri, K.M.; Francis, F.; Nagy, V.; Szakacs, G.; Pandey, A., (2004). Coconut oil cake—A potential raw material for the production of a-amylase. Bioresour. Technol., 93(2): 169-174 (6 Pages).
66
Ravindran, R.; Jaiswal, A.K., (2016). Exploitation of food industry waste for high-value products. Trends Biotechnol., 34(1): 58-69 (12 Pages).
67
Rekha, K.S.S.; Lakshmi, C.; Devi, S.V.; Kumar, M.S., (2012). Production and optimization of lipase from Candida rugosa using groundnut oilcake under solid state fermentation. Intern. J. Res. Eng. Technol., 1: -577 (7 Pages).
68
Rivas, B.; Torrado, A.; Torre, P.; Converti, A.; Domínguez, J.M., (2008). Submerged citric acid fermentation on orange peel autohydrolysate. J. Agric. Food Chem., 56(7): 2380-2387 (8 Pages).
69
Rudra, S.G.; Nishad, J.; Jakhar, N.; Kaur, C., (2015). Food industry waste: mine of nutraceuticals. Intern. J. Sci. Environ. Technol., 4(1): 205-229 (25 Pages).
70
Ryu, B.G.; Kim, K.; Kim, J.; Han, J.I.; Yang, J.W., (2013). Use of organic waste from the brewery industry for high-density cultivation of the docosahexaenoic acid-rich microalga, Aurantiochytrium sp. KRS101. Biores. Technol., 129: 351-359 (9 Pages).
71
Sadh, P.K., Duhan, S. and Duhan, J.S. (2018). Agro-industrial wastes and their utilization using solid state fermentation: a review. Bioresour. Bioprocess, 5(1): 1-15 (15 Pages).
72
Saleh, F.; Hussain, A.; Younis, T.; Ali, S.; Rashid, M.; Ali, A.; Mustafa, G.; Jabeen, F.; Al-surhanee, A.A.; Alnoman, M.M.; Qamer, S., (2020). Comparative growth potential of thermophilic amylolytic Bacillus sp. on unconventional media food wastes and its industrial application. Saudi J. Biol. Sci., 27(12): 3499-3504 (6 Pages).
73
Sarkar, D.; Kar, S.K.; Chattopadhyay, A.; Shikha.; Rakshit, A.; Tripathi, V.K.; Dubey, P.K.; Abhilash, P.C., (2020). Low input sustainable agriculture: A viable climate-smart option for boosting food production in a warming world. Ecol. Indic., 115: 106412-106425 (13 Pages).
74
Saravanan, V.; Vijayakumar, S., (2014). Production of biosurfactant by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PB3A using agro-industrial wastes as a carbon source. Malaysia J. Microbiol., 10(1): 57-62 (6 Pages).
75
Sindiri, M.K.; Machavarapu, M.; Vangalapati, M., (2013). Alfa-amylase production and purifcation using fermented orange peel in solid state fermentation by Aspergillus niger. Ind. J. Appl. Res., 3(8): 49-51 (3 Pages).
76
Singh, P.K.; Deshbhratar, P.B.; Ramteke, D.S., (2012). Effects of sewage wastewater irrigation on soil properties, crop yield and environment. Agric. Water Manage., 103: 100-104 (5 Pages).
77
Suganthi, R.; Benazir, J.F.; Santhi, R.; Kumar, R.V.; Hari, A.; Meenakshi, N.; Nidhiya, K.A.; Kavitha, G.; Lakshmi, R., (2011). Amylase production by Aspergillus niger under solid state fermentation using agro-industrial wastes. Intern. J. Eng. Sci. Technol., 3(2): 1756-1763 (8 Pages).
78
Sukan, A.; Roy, I.; Keshavarz, T., (2014). Agro-industrial waste materials as substrates for the production of poly (3-hydroxybutyric acid). J. Biomater. Nanobio. Technol., 5: 229-240 (12 Pages).
79
Torres, M.D.; Fradinho, P.; Rodrı´guez, P.; Falque, E.; Santos, V.; Domı´nguez, H., (2020). Biorefinery concept for discarded potatoes: Recovery of starch and bioactive compounds. J. Food Eng., 275: 109886-109895 (10 Pages).
80
Ubando, A.T.; Felix, C.B.; Chen, W.H., (2020). Biorefineries in circular bioeconomy: A comprehensive review. Bioresour. Technol., 299: 122585 (52 Pages).
81
Vastrad, B.M.; Neelagund, S.E., (2011). Optimization and production of neomycin from different agro industrial wastes in solid state fermentation. Intern. J. Pharma. Sci. Drug Res., 3(2): 104-111 (8 Pages).
82
Vidhyalakshmi, R.; Vallinachiyar, C.; Radhika, R., (2012). Production of xanthan from agro-industrial waste. J. Adv. Sci. Res., 3: 56-59 (4 Pages).
83
Weshahy, A.A.; Rao, V.A., (2012). Potato peel as a source of important phytochemical antioxidant nutraceuticals and their role in human health—a review. Phytochemicals as nutraceuticals—Global approaches to their role in nutrition and health, 207-224 (18 Pages).
84
Xavier, M.C.A.; Coradini, A.L.V.; Deckmann, A.C.; Franco, T.T., (2017). Lipid production from hemicellulose hydrolysate and acetic acid by Lipomyces starkeyi and the ability of yeast to metabolize inhibitors. Biochem. Eng. J., 118: 11-19 (9 Pages).
85
Yang, M.; Baral, N.R.; Simmons, B.A.; Mortimer, J.C.; Shih, P.M.; Scown, C.D., (2020). Accumulation of high-value bioproducts in planta can improve the economics of advanced biofuels. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 117(15): 8639-8648 (10 Pages).
86
Yong, J.J.J.Y.; Chew, K.W.; Khoo, K.S.; Show, P.L.; Chang, J.S., (2021). Prospects and development of algal-bacterial biotechnology in environmental management and protection. Biotechnol. Adv., 47: 107684-107700 (17 Pages).
87
Yunus, F.U.N.; Nadeem, M.; Rashid, F., (2015). Single-cell protein production through microbial conversion of lignocellulosic residue (wheat bran) for animal feed. J. Inst. Brew., 121: 553-557 (5 Pages).
88
Zepka, L.Q.; Jacob-Lopes, E.; Goldbeck, R.; Queiroz, M.I., (2008). Production and biochemical profile of the microalgae Aphanothece microscopica Nägeli submitted to different drying conditions. Chem. Eng. Process. Process Intensif., 47(8): 1305-1310 (6 Pages).
89