ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Prospecting for geothermal energy through satellite based thermal data: Review and the way forward
Geothermal investors need to be confident with the methods and results of exploration programs. Also cutting the upfront cost of geothermal exploration will further encourage investors to consider investment in this emerging clean energy field. Hence, it is of paramount importance to improve prospecting techniques in order to explore where economic concentrations of geothermal energy are to be expected. The current study evaluates different approaches for downscaling thermal data from remote sensing images together with factors in surface and subsurface environment. The paper discusses case studies, the challenge and the way forward for geothermal prospecting as well as practical solutions to discrepancy that faces the mapping and documentation of spatial geothermal anomalies. It also discusses main criteria that should be considered while prospecting for geothermal energy.
https://www.gjesm.net/article_14201_948d6435dc5edd1bfbe52185771662fe.pdf
2015-10-01
265
274
10.7508/gjesm.2015.04.001
Geothermal Energy
Reflectance spectroscopy
Renewable Energy
satellite
Thermal data
F.
Howari
fmhowari@gmail.com
1
College of Sustainability and Human Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
LEAD_AUTHOR
Baldridge, A.M.; Hook, S.J.; Grove, C.I.; Rivera, G., (2009). The ASTER spectral library version 2.0. Remote Sens. Environ. 113: 711–715 (5 pages).
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Haselwimmer, C.; Prakash, A.; Holdmann, G., (2013): Quantifying the heat flux and outflow rate of hot springs using airborne thermal imagery Case study from Pilgrim Hot Springs, Alaska. Remote Sens. Environ. 136: 37-46 (10 pages).
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
An investigation on heavy metals in soils around oil field area
Oil and pollutants resulting from its extraction and exploitation are considered as one of the serious problems for human health. Vast oil fields of Ahvaz City located in southern Iran are known as one of controversial subjects in contamination with heavy metals. In this study, oil fields' soils of Ahvaz city (Ab-Teymour) were chemically analyzed in order to determine the concentration of eight heavy elements (Cu, Ni, V, Co, Cd, Zn, Mo and Pb) and intensity of contamination. The area was divided into 12 plots with respect to proximity to drilled oil wells as well as the existing flares. The results show that concentration of studied metals is higher than earth’s crust mean values. According to Muller’s geochemical index, intensity of contamination varies from unpolluted to highly polluted ones. These highly polluted areas require methods such as phytoremediation more than ever. By comparing list of local plants with that of heavy metals absorbing plants and given the local climate, a suitable absorbing plant for each of the existing heavy metals was recommended.
https://www.gjesm.net/article_14054_6e5a2e56afc968d08ed2f6e470947a4f.pdf
2015-10-01
275
282
10.7508/gjesm.2015.04.002
Enrichment factor (EF)
Environmental pollution
heavy metals
Index of geo-accumulation (Igeo)
Phytoremediation
soil
A.R.
Karbassi
akarbasi@ut.ac.ir
1
Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 1455-6135, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
S.
Tajziehchi
tajziehchi.sanaz@gmail.com
2
Department of Environmental science, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
S.
Afshar
afshar@yhaoo.com
3
Department of Environmental Science, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Khuzestan, Iran
AUTHOR
Afkhami, F.; Karbassi, A.R.; Nasrabadi, T.; Vosoogh, T., (2013). Impact of oil excavation activities on soil metallic pollution, case study of an Iran southern oil field. Environ. Earth Sci., 70(3): 1219-1224 (6 pages).
1
Chehregania, A.; Noori, M.; Lari Yazdic, H., (2009). Phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soils: Screening for new accumulator plants in Angouran mine, Iran and evaluation of removal ability. J. Ecoenv. 72(5): 1349 - 1353 (5 pages).
2
Gerhardt, K.; Huang, X.; Glick, B.; Greenberg, B., (2009). Phytoremediation and rhizoremediation of organic soil contaminants: Potential and challenges. Plant Sci., 176(1): 20-30 (11 pages).
3
Hassani, A.H.; Nouri, J.; Mehregan, I.; Moattar, F.; Sadeghi Benis, M.R., (2015). Phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals resulting from acidic sludge of Eshtehard Industrial Town using native pasture plants. J. Environ. Earth Sci., 5(2): 87-93 (7 pages).
4
Karbassi, A.R.; Abduli, M.A.; Mahin Abdollahzadeh, E., (2007). Sustainability of energy production and use in Iran. Energy Policy, 35(10): 5171-5180 (11 pages).
5
Karbassi, A.R.; Heidari, M., (2015). An investigation on role of salinity, pH and DO on heavy metals elimination throughout estuarial mixture. Global J. Environ. Sci. Manage. 1(1): 41-46 (6 pages).
6
Karbassi, A.R.; Nabi-Bidhendi, G.R.; Bayati, I., (2005). Environmental geochemistry of heavy metals in a sediment core of Bushehr, Persian Gulf, Iran. J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng., 2(4): 255-260 (6 pages).
7
Karbassi, A.R.; Pazoki, M., (2015). Environmental qualitative assessment of rivers sediments. Global J. Environ. Sci. Manage.,1(1): 109-116 (8 pages).
8
Karbassi, A.R.; Torabi Kachoosangi, F.; Ghazban, F.; Ardestani, M., (2011). Association of trace metals with various sedimentary phases in dam reservoirs. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 8(4): 841-852 (12 pages).
9
Lin, W.; Xiao. T.; Wu. Y.; Ao, Z.; Ning, Z., (2012). Hyperaccumulation of zinc by Corydalis davidii in Zn-polluted soils. Chemosphere, 86(8): 837-842 (6 pages).
10
Liphadzi, M.S.; Kirkham, M.B., (2005). Phytoremediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals: A technology for rehabilitation of the environment. S. Afr. J. Bot., 71(1): 24-37 (14 pages).
11
Lokeshwari, H.; Chandrappa, G.T., (2006). Heavy metals content in water, water hyacinth and sediments of Lalbagh tank, Bangalore (India), J. Environ. Sci. Eng. 48(3): 183-188. (6 pages).
12
Mehrdadi, N.; Nabi Bidhendi, G.R; Nasrabadi, T.; Hoveidi, H.; Amjadi, M.; Shojaee, M.A., (2009). Monitoring the arsenic concentration in groundwater resources, case study: Ghezel ozan water basin, Kurdistan, Iran. Asian J. Chem. 21(1): 446-450 (5 pages).
13
Morillo, J.; Usero. J.; Gracia. I., (2002). Partitioning of metals in sediments from the Odiel River (Spain). Environ. Int., 28(4): 263-271 (9 pages).
14
Muller, G., (1979). Schwermetalle in den sedimenten des rheins veranderungenseit. Umschau 79(24): 778-783 (6 pages).
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Nabi Bidhendi, G.R.; Karbassi, A.R.; Nasrabadi, T.; Hoveidi, H., (2007). Influence of copper mine on surface water quality. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech. 4(1): 85-91 (7 pages).
16
Nasehi, F.; Hassani, A.H.; Karbassi, A.R; Monavari, S.M.; Khorasani, N., (2008). Evaluation metallic pollution of riverine water and sediments: A case study of Aras River. Environ. Monit. Assess., 185(1): 197-203 (7 pages).
17
Nasrabadi, T.; Nabi Bidhendi, G.R.; Karbassi, A.R.; Hoveidi, H.; Nasrabadi, I.; Pezeshk, H.; Rashidinejad, F., (2009). Influence of Sungun copper mine on groundwater quality, NWI ran. Environ. Geol., 58(4): 693-700 (8 pages).
18
Nasrabadi, T.; Nabi Bidhendi, G.R.; Karbassi, A.R.; Mehrdadi. N., (2010a). Partitioning of metals in sediments of the Haraz River (Southern Caspian Sea basin). Environ. Earth. Sci., 59(5): 1111–1117 (7 pages).
19
Nasrabadi, T.; Nabi Bidhendi, G.R; Karbassi, A.R.; Mehrdadi, N., (2010b). Evaluating the efficiency of sediment metal pollution indices in interpreting the pollution of Haraz River sediments, southern Caspian Sea basin. Environ. Monit. Assess., 171(1-4): 395-410 (6 pages).
20
Nouri, J.; Mahvi, A.H.; Jahed, G.R.; Babaei, A.A., (2008). Regional distribution pattern of groundwater heavy metals resulting from agricultural activities. Environ. Geol., 55(6): 1337-1343 (7 pages).
21
Persans, M.; Salt, D., (2013). Possible molecular mechanisms involved in nickel, zinc and selenium hyperaccumulation in plants. Biotechnol. Genet. Eng. Rev., 17(1), 389-413 (25 pages).
22
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23
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24
Siegel, F.R., (2002). Environmental geochemistry of potentially toxic metals. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, eBook: 978-3-662-04739-2., Germany.
25
Tajziehchi, S.; Monavari, S.M.; Karbassi, A.R., (2012). An effective participatory based method for dam social impact assessment. Polish. J. Environ. Stud., 21(6):1841-1848 (8 pages).
26
Tajziehchi, S.; Monavari, S.M.; Karbassi, A.R.; Shariat, S.M.; Khorasani, N., (2013). Quantification of social impacts of large hydropower dams- a case study of Alborz Dam in Mazandaran province, northern Iran. Int. J. Environ. Res., 7(2):377-382 (6 pages).
27
Vaezi, A.; Karbassi, A.R.; Valavi, S; Ganjali, M.R., (2015). Ecological risk assessment of metals contamination in the sediment of the Bamdezh wetland, Iran. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 12(3): 951-958 (8 pages).
28
Weyens, N.; van der, D.; Taghavi, S.; Vangronsveld, J., (2009). Phytoremediation: plant–endophyte partnerships take the challenge., Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., 20(2): 248-254 (7 pages).
29
Xiao-yong, L.; Tong-bin, C.; Xiu-lan, Y.; ZH.Li-mei, X.; Can-jun, N.; X.Xi-yuan, A.; Bin, W., (2007). Heavy Metals in Plants Growing on Ni /Cu Mining Areas in Deser t,Nor thwest China and the Adaptive Pioneer Species. J. Nat. Res., 22(3): 486-495 (10 pages).
30
Yasseen, B.T., (2014). Phytoremediation of Industrial Wastewater from Oil and Gas Fields using Native Plants: The Research Perspectives in the State of Qatar. Cent. Europ. J. Exp. Biol., 3(4): 6-23 (18 pages).
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of automobile pollution on chlorophyll content of roadside urban trees
The effect of automobile pollution was determined on chlorophyll content of four different tree species viz. Azadirachta indica L., Conocarpus erectus L., Guiacum officinale L.and Eucalyptus sp. growing along the roads of the city. Significant changes in the level of chlorophyll “a”, chlorophyll “b” and total chlorophyll “a+b” were found in the leaves of four tree species (A. indica, C. erectus, G.officinale and Eucalyptus sp.) collected from polluted sites (Airport, Malir Halt, Quaidabad) as compared to control site (Karachi University Campus). Lowest concentration of chlorophyll “a”, chlorophyll “b” and chlorophyll “a+b” was recorded in the leaf samples of all tree species collected from Quaidabad site when compared with the leaf samples collected from control site. The highest levels of chlorophyll pigment were recorded in all tree species leave samples collected from Karachi University Campus. Similarly, better levels of chlorophyll “a”, chlorophyll “b” and total chlorophyll “a+b” was observed in all tree species growing at Airport site as compared to plants growing at Malir Halt and Quaidabad sites. This study clearly indicated that the vehicular activities induced air pollution problem and affected on the level of chlorophyll pigments in trees which were exposed to road side pollution.
https://www.gjesm.net/article_13841_7ed639a49d9ee9dff0cabf60d9e53fc7.pdf
2015-10-01
283
296
10.7508/gjesm.2015.04.003
Automobiles
Chlorophyll pigment content
Road side pollution
Urban trees
M.
Iqbal
mziqbalbotuokpk@yahoo.com
1
Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
AUTHOR
M.
Shafiq
shafiqeco@yahoo.com
2
Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
AUTHOR
S.
Zaidi
sqzaidi@gmail.com
3
Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
AUTHOR
M.
Athar
atariq@cdfa.ca.gov
4
California Department of Food and Agriculture, 3288 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, CA 95832, USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ahmad, M.S.A.; Hussain, M.; Ijaz, S.; Alvi, A.K., (2008). Photosynthetic performance of two mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) cultivars under lead and cupper stress. Int. J. Agric. Biol., 10: 167-172 (6 pages).
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Aksoy, A.; Sahln, U., (1999). Elaeagnus angustifolia L. as a biomonitor of heavy metal pollution. Turk. J. Bot., 23: 83-87 (5 pages).
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Aksoy, A.; Sahln, U.; Duman, F., (2000). Robinia psuedoacacia L. as a possible biomonitor of heavy metal pollution in Kayseri. Turk. J. Bot., 24: 279-284 (5 pages).
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Bignal, K.L.; Ashmore, M.R.; Headley, A.D., (2008). Effects of air pollution from road transport on growth and physiology of six transplanted bryophyte species. Environ. Poll., 156: 332-340 (9 pages).
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Carreras, H.A.; Cañas, M.S.; Pignata, M.L., (1996). Differences in responses to urban air pollutants by Ligustrum lucidum Ait. and Ligustrum lucidum Ait. f. tricolor (Rehd.) Rehd. Environ. Poll., 93: 211-218 (8 pages).
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Chauhan, A., (2010). Photosynthetic pigment change in some selected tree induced by automobile exhaust in Dehradun, Uttarakhand. New York Sci. J., 3: 45-51 (7 pages).
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Chauhan, A.; Joshi, P.C., (2008). Effect of ambient air pollution on photosynthetic pigments on some selected trees in urban area. Ecol. Environ. Conserv., 14: 23-27 (5 pages).
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Durrani G.F.; Hassan, M.; Baloch, M.K.; Hameed, G., (2004). Effect of traffic pollution on plant photosynthesis. J. Chem. Soc. Pak., 26: 176-179 (4 pages).
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Escudero, M.; Querol, X.; Rodriguez, S.; Cuevas, E., (2013). Quantification of the net African dust load in air quality monitoring networks. Atmos. Environ., 41: 5516-5524 (6 pages).
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Francis, J.K., (1993). Guaiacum officinale L. Lingumvitae.Guayacan.Zygophyllacea.Caltrop Family. U.S.D.A. Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, 4p. http://www. treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/30349
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Girma, A.; Skidmore, A.K.; Bie, C.A.J.M. de; Bongers, F.; Schlerf, M., (2013). Photosynthetic bark: use of chlorophyll absorption continuum index to estimate Boswellia papyrifera bark chlorophyll content. Int. J. Appl. Earth Observ. Geoinform., 23: 71-80 (10 pages).
11
Hamid, N.; Jawaid, F., (2009). Effect of short term exposure of two different concentrations of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide mixture on some biochemical parameter of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.). Pak. J. Bot., 41: 2223-2228 (6 pages).
12
Honour, S.L.; Bell, J.N.B.; Ashenden, T.A.; Cape, J.N.; Power, S.A., (2009). Responses of herbaceous plants to urban air pollution: Effects on growth, phenology and leaf surface characteristics. Environ. Poll., 157: 1279-1286 (8 pages).
13
Iqbal, M.Z.; Shafiq, M., (Rizv1997). Effects of traffic exhaust on roadside tree during different seasons. Polish J. Environ. Stud., 6: 55-59 (5 pages).
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Iqbal, M.Z.; Shafiq, M., (1999). Impact of vehicular emission on germination and growth of neem (Azadirachta indica) tree. Hamdard MedicusXLII: 65-69 (5 pages).
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Iqbal, M.Z.; Shafiq, M., (2000). Periodical effects of automobile pollution on the growth of some roadside trees. Ekológia (Bratislava), 19 (1): 104-110 (7 pages).
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Iqbal, M.Z.; Siddiqui, A.D., (1996), Effects of autovehicular emissions on pods and seed germination of some plants. Polish J. Environ. Stud., 5: 67-69 (3 pages).
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Joshi, C.; Swami, A., (2007). Physiological responses of some tree species under roadside automobile pollution stress around city of Haridwar, India”, Environ., 27: 365-374 (10 pages).
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Joshi, C.; Swami, A., (2009). Air pollution induced changes in the photosynthetic pigments of selected plant species.J. Environ. Biol., 30: 295-298 (4 pages).
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Leghari , S.K.; Zaidi, M.A.; Sarangzai, F.M.; Shawani, G.R; Ali. W., (2013). Effect of road side dust pollution on the growth and total chlorophyll contents in Vitis vinefera L. (grapes). Afr. J. Biotechnol., 13: 1237-1242 (6 pages).
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Maclachlan, S.; Zalik, S., (1963). Plasted structure, chlorophyll concentration and free amino acid composition of chlorophyll mutant of barely. Can. J. Bot., 41: 1053-1062 (11 pages).
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38
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Removal of contaminants in a paper mill effluent by Azolla caroliniana
This study was focused on removal of various parameters in paper mill effluent using a method called bioremediation by Azolla caroliniana. The experimental investigations have been carried out using Azolla caroliniana for conducting the sorption study with various dilution ratios (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10), pH (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9) and biomass (200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 g). The maximum removal percentage of TDS, BOD and COD in a paper mill effluent was obtained at the optimum dilution ratio of 6, pH of 8 and biomass of 800 g. The results of this study indicated that the maximum removal percentage of TDS, BOD and COD in a paper mill effluent was 82.3 %, 88.6 % and 79.1 % respectively. Also, the study focused on uptake of TDS, BOD and COD in paper mill effluent by Azolla caroliniana through bioaccumulation factor and translocation factor. The results of bioaccumulation factor revealed that TDS, BOD and COD in paper mill effluent were adsorbed by Azolla caroliniana. The results of translocation factor revealed that the roots of Azolla caroliniana translocate the TDS, BOD and COD in a paper mill effluent to the shoots of Azolla caroliniana. From the results, this study concluded that bioremediation by Azolla caroliniana could be effectively used for removing TDS, BOD and COD in a paper mill effluent. This study also suggested that Azolla caroliniana may be used for removing various contaminants, not only from paper mill effluent, but also from any other industrial effluents.
https://www.gjesm.net/article_14202_71a868e609a8e73cd0913e5c0a491512.pdf
2015-10-01
297
304
10.7508/gjesm.2015.04.004
Azolla caroliniana
Bioaccumulation factor (BAF)
Paper mill effluent
Process parameters
Translocation factor (TF)
D.
Sivakumar
sivakumar.gjesm@gmail.com
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Vel Tech High Tech Dr.Rangarajan Dr.Sakunthala Engineering College, Avadi, Chennai 600062, Tamil Nadu, India
LEAD_AUTHOR
J.
Nouri
gjesm.publication@gmail.com
2
School of Environmental Health Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Akbal, F.; Camc, S., (2010). Comparison of electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation for heavy metal removal. Chem. Eng. Tech., 33: 1655–1664 (10 pages).
1
APPA, AWWA, and WEF, (2005), Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 20th edition, APHA Publication, Washington D.C.
2
Bellebia, S. Kacha, S. Bouyakoub, A.Z. Derriche, Z. (20120. Experimental investigation of chemical oxygen demand and turbidity removal from cardboard paper mill effluents using combined electrocoagulation and adsorption processes, Environ. Prog. Sustain. Energy, 31: 361–370 (10 pages).
3
Chen Chen, Shengtao Mao, Jingjing Wang, Jinfeng Bao, Hui Xu, Wenpeng Su, and Hongqi Dai, (2015). Application of ultrafiltration in a paper mill: Process water reuse and membrane fouling. Anal. Bioresour. 10(2): 2376-2391 (16 pages).
4
Fazal, S.; Zhang, B.P.; Zhong, Z.X.; Gao, L.; Chen, X.C., (2015). Industrial wastewater treatment by using membrane ioreactor: Review study. J. Environ. Protect., 6: 584-598 (15 pages).
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Ingole, N.W.; Bhole, A.G., (2003). Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution by water hyacinth: Azolla caroliniana. J. Water SRT– Aqua, 52: 119-128 (10 pages).
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Ishtiyak, Q.; Chhipa, R.C., (2015). Critical evaluation of some available treatment techniques for textile and paper industry effluents: A Rev. Am. Chem. Sci. J., 6(2): 77-90 (14 pages).
7
Jarpa, M.; Rozas, O.; Salazar, C.; Baeza, C.; Campos, J.L.; Mansilla, H.D.; Vidal, G., (2015). Comparison of the chemical precipitation, UV/H2O2 and fenton processes to optimize removal of chronic toxicity from kraft mill effluents. Desalination Water Treat., 10.1080/19443994.2015.1061454
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Kesalkar, V.P.; Isha, P.; Sudame, A.M., (2012). Physico-chemical characteristics of wastewater from Paper Industry, Int. J. Eng. Res. Appl., 2(4): 137-143 (8 pages).
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Karman, S.B.; Diah S.Z.; Gebeshuber, I.C., (2015). Raw materials synthesis from heavy metal industry effluents with bioremediation and phytomining: A biomimetic resource management approach. Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. Article ID 185071, (21 pages).
10
Shankar, D.; Sivakumar, M.; Thiruvengadam, M.; Manojkumar, (2014b). Color removal in a textile industry wastewater using coconut coir pith. Pollut. Res. 33: 490–503 (14 pages).
11
Shankar, D.; Sivakumar, D.; Yuvashree, R., (2014j). Chromium (VI) removal from tannery industry wastewater using fungi species. Pollut. Res., 33: 505–510 (6 pages).
12
Sivakumar, D., (2011). A study on contaminant migration of sugarcane effluent through porous soil medium, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 8: 593–604 (10 pages).
13
Sivakumar, D.,(2014d).Role of low cost agro-based adsorbent to treat hospital wastewater, Pollut. Res., 33: 573–576 (4 pages).
14
Sivakumar, D.; Kandaswamy, A.N.; Gomathi, V.; Rajeshwaran,R.; Murugan, N., (2014i). Bioremediation studies on reduction of heavy metals toxicity, Pollut. Res. 33: 553–558 (6 pages).
15
Sivakumar, D.; Shankar, D.; Vijaya Prathima, A.J.R.; Valarmathi, M., (2013c). Constructed wetlands treatment of textile industry wastewater using aquatic macrophytes. Int. J. Environ. Sci., 3: 1223–1232 (10 pages).
16
Sivakumar, D.; Shankar, D.; Dhivya, P.; Balasubramanian, K., (2014h). Bioaccumulation study by lemna gibba lin., Pollut. Res., 33: 531–536 (6 pages).
17
Sivakumar, D.; Shankar, D.; Nithya, S.; Rajaganapathy, J., (2014e). Reduction of contaminants from leachate using moringa oleifera: A kinetic study. Pollut. Res. 33: 529-529 (1 pages).
18
Sivakumar, D.; Shankar, D.; Gomathi, V.; Nandakumaar, A., (2014g). Application of electro-dialysis on removal of heavy metals, Pollut. Res. 33: 627–637 (11 pages).
19
Sivakumar, D.; Gayathri, G.; Nishanthi, R.; Vijayabharathi, V.; Sudeshna, D.; Kavitha, R., (2014k). Role of fungi species in colour removal from textile industry wastewater, Int. J. Chem. Tech. Res. 6: 4366–4372 (7 pages).
20
Sivakumar, D.; Murugan, N.; Rajeshwaran, R.; Shobana, T.; Soundarya, C.; Vanitha, V.S., (2014a). Role of rice husk silica powder for removing Cr(VI) in a tannery industry wastewater, Int. J. Chem.Tech. Res. 6: 4373–4378 (6 pages).
21
Sivakumar, D.; Shankar, D., (2012). Color removal from textile industry wastewater using low cost adsorbents, Int. J. Chem. Environ. Pharmaceutical Res., 3: 52–57 (6 pages).
22
Sivakumar, D.; Balasundaram, V.; Venkatesan, G.; Saravanan, S.P., (2014c). Effect of tamarind kernelpowder for treating dairy industry wastewater. Pollut. Res., 33: 519–523 (5 pages).
23
Soltan, M.E.; Rashed, M.N., (2003). Laboratory study on the survival of water hyacinth under several conditions of heavy metal concentrations. Adv. Environ. Res., 7: 82- 91 (10 pages).
24
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25
Sivakumar, D., (2013a). Experimental and analytical model studies on leachate volume computation from solid waste, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 10: 903–916.
26
Sivakumar Durairaj, (2013b), Adsorption study on municipal solid waste leachate using moringa oleifera seed, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 10, pp. 113–124 (12 pages).
27
Sivakumar, D.; Shankar, D.; Kandaswamy, A.N.; Ammaiappan, M., (2014f). Role of electro-dialysis and electro-dialysis cum adsorption for chromium (VI) reduction, Pollut. Res., 33: 547–552 (7 pages).
28
Swamy, N.K.; Singh. P.; Sarethy, I.P., (2011). Precipitation of phenols from paper industry wastewater using ferric chloride. Rasayan J. Chem., 4(2): 452-456 (6 pages).
29
Vinod Kumar, A.K.; Chopra, S.K.; Jogendra, S. Roushan, K. T. (2015). Effects of pulp and paper mill effluent disposal on soil characteristics in the vicinity of Uttaranchal Pulp and Paper Mill, Haridwar (Uttarakhand), India, Int. J. Agric. Sci. Res. 4(6): 117-125 (9 pages).
30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Marine debris surveys on four beaches in Rizhao City of China
Compared with USA, UK, Brazil, Indonesia, Australia, etc., marine debris research in China has received less attention and few studies have attempted to quantify the abundance and mass of marine debris. In this paper, the abundance, composition and source of beached marine debris, and debris collection system and frequency as well as dustbins’ conditionwere investigated in Duodaohai, Wanpingkou, Shanhaitian and National Forest Park beaches of Rizhao City from June 1 to 10, 2013. Based on these surveys, following conclusions were obtained: In four coastal beaches surveyed, the mean number and weight densities were 25.91 items/100m2 and 341.39 g/100m2, respectively. Most of the BMD in the aforementioned beaches originated directly from land sources. There were two kinds of debris collection systems in these beaches at present; dustbins sometimes were not enough to be used in the swimming period.We hope that our study will be helpful to raise the level of environmental consciousness among people and to expand their anti-debris activities.
https://www.gjesm.net/article_13838_0ab6ede82751d8acf5ae386d528cbffb.pdf
2015-10-01
305
314
10.7508/gjesm.2015.04.005
Abundance
Beached marine debris (BMD)
Composition
source
Rizhao City
C.
Zhou
zhouchchun@126.com
1
College of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, Shandong, P.R. China
LEAD_AUTHOR
X.
Liu
fairyjujube@126.com
2
National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
AUTHOR
Z.
Wang
wangzhengwen_shl@163.com
3
College of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, Shandong, P.R. China
AUTHOR
T.
Yang
1456401950@qq.com
4
College of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, Shandong, P.R. China
AUTHOR
L.
Shi
1289375570@qq.com
5
College of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, Shandong, P.R. China
AUTHOR
L.
Wang
476925670@qq.com
6
College of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, Shandong, P.R. China
AUTHOR
L.
Cong
2269430943@qq.com
7
College of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, Shandong, P.R. China
AUTHOR
X.
Liu
2283862870@qq.com
8
College of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, Shandong, P.R. China
AUTHOR
J.
Yang
2507652166@qq.com
9
College of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, Shandong, P.R. China
AUTHOR
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93
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A comparative study for air pollution tolerance index of some terrestrial plant species
Although water and land pollution are very dangerous, air pollution has its own peculiarities due to its transboundary dispersion of pollutants over the entire world. In any well planned urban set up, industrial pollution takes a back seat and vehicular emissions take precedence as the major cause of urban air pollution. In the present study, Air pollution tolerance index was calculated for various plant species growing at two sites Nagal village at Sahastradhara Road and the Clock Tower (the experimental site) of Dehradun city, India. The leaf samples were collected from 7 commonly present tree species. The results showed significant effects of various air pollutants on the vegetation in terms of four biochemical parameters analysed. Four physiological and biochemical parameters, which are leaf relative water content, Ascorbic acid content, total leaf chlorophyll content and leaf extract pH were used to compute the air pollution tolerance index values. Statistically significant difference was observed between control and experimental group for Ascorbic acid, t(6)=-4.848,p=.003. Paired t test for air pollution tolerance index between the two groups showed a statistically significant difference, t (6) = -4.548, p=.004. On the basis of air pollution tolerance index values for above mentioned seven tree species, Eucalyptus globus exhibited the highest degree of tolerance at all the sites followed by Ficus religiosa > Mangifera indica > Polyalthia longifolia > Phyllanthus emblica > Citrus limon > Lantana camara.
https://www.gjesm.net/article_13840_19c7ce4f66605c8e67f1945f7d5a89ea.pdf
2015-10-01
315
324
10.7508/gjesm.2015.04.006
Air pollution tolerance index (APTI)
Ascorbic acid content (AAC)
Leaf extract pH
Relative water content (RWC)
Total leaf chlorophyll content (TLC)
R.N.
Lohe
rbhutani@gmail.com
1
Department of Environmental Science, Uttaranchal College of Science and Technology, Dehradun, India
AUTHOR
B.
Tyagi
bhartityagienv@gmail.com
2
Department of Environmental Science, Uttaranchal College of Science and Technology, Dehradun, India
AUTHOR
V.
Singh
rbhutiani@gkv.ac.in
3
Department of Environmental Science, Uttaranchal College of Science and Technology, Dehradun, India
AUTHOR
P.
Tyagi
rbhutiani@rediffmail.com
4
Grass Roots Research and Creation India (P) Ltd., Noida, India
AUTHOR
D.R.
Khanna
drkhanna2002@gmail.com
5
Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri University Haridwar, India
AUTHOR
R.
Bhutiani
rbhutani@gkv.ac.in
6
Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri University Haridwar, India
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abida, B.; Harikrishna, S., (2010). Evaluation of some tree species to absorb air pollutants in three industrial locations of South Bengaluru, India. E- J. Chem., 7(S1): 51- 56 (6 pages).
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Adamsab. M. Patel; Kousar, H.; Sirajuddin, M.H., (2011). APTI of some selected plants in Shivamogga City, South Asia.The International Conference on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, (ICASEIT 2011). 9:668-670 (3 pages).
2
Agbaire, P.O.; Esiefarienrhe, E., (2009). Air pollution tolerance indices (APTI) of some plants around Otorogun gas plant in Delta state, Nigeria. J. Applied Sci. Environ. Manage., 13: 11-14 (4 pages).
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Chouhan, A.; Iqbal, S.; Maheswari, R.S.; Bafna, A., (2012). Study of air pollution index of plants growing in Pithampur Industrial area sector 1, 2 and 3. Res. J. Recent. Sci., 1: 172-177 (6 pages).
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Das, S.; Prasad P., (2010). Seasonal variation in air pollution tolerance indices and selection of plant species for industrial areas of Rourkela. IJEP, 30 (12):978-988 (11 pages).
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Khanna, D.R.; Nigam, N.S.; Bhutiani, R.,(2013). Monitoring of ambient air quality in relation to traffic density in Bareilly City (U.P.), India. J. App. Natural. Sci.,5(2): 497-502 (6 pages).
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34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Environmental problems indicator under environmental modeling toward sustainable development
This research aims to apply a model to the study and analysis of environmental and natural resource costs created in supply chains of goods and services produced in Thailand, and propose indicators for environmental problem management, caused by goods and services production, based on concepts of sustainable production and consumer behavior. The research showed that the highest environmental cost in terms of Natural Resource Materials was from pipelines and gas distribution, while the lowest was for farming coconuts. The highest environmental cost in terms of Energy and Transportation was for iron and steel. The highest environmental cost in the category of Fertilizer and Pesticides was for oil palm. For Sanitation Services, the highest environmental cost was movie theaters. Overall, the lowest environmental cost for all categories, except Natural Resource Materials, was for petroleum and refineries. Based on the cost index, coconut farming gained the highest Real Benefit to the farm owner, while pipelines and gas distribution had the lowest Real Benefit. If Thailand were to use a similar environmental problem indicator, it could be applied to formulate efficient policy and strategy for the country in three areas, namely social, economic, and environmental development.
https://www.gjesm.net/article_14240_f7d7f98765b759aed03992bd5fb8d98f.pdf
2015-10-01
325
332
10.7508/gjesm.2015.04.007
Energy and transportation
Environment cost
Fertilizer and pesticides
Indicator
Natural resources materials
Real benefit
Sanitary and similar services
P.
Sutthichaimethee
pruethsan@gmail.com
1
Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
LEAD_AUTHOR
W.
Tanoamchard
2
Department of Human resource management, Faculty of Management and Tourism, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
AUTHOR
P.
Sawangwong
3
Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
AUTHOR
P
Pachana
4
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
AUTHOR
N.
Witit-Anun
5
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
AUTHOR
Adams, W.M., (2009). Green Development: Environment and Sustainability in the Third World (2nd ed.). New York: Rutledge.
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Nitrogen use efficiency and life cycle of nodules in alfalfa after different mineral fertilization and soil cultivation
Nitrogen use efficiency and life cycle of root nodules in alfalfa after different mineral fertilization and soil cultivation practices were studied. Field trial was conducted in the Institute of Forage Crops, Pleven, Bulgaria on leached chernozem subsoil type and no irrigation. The next treatments were tested: i) for fertilization as follows: N0P0K0 (control); N60P100K80 (an accepted technology); N23P100K35 (nitrogen was applied 1/2 in first year of growing and 1/2 in third year); N23P100K35 (nitrogen was supplied pre-sowing); N35P80K50, and Аmophose - 250 kg/ha, calculated at fertilizing rates N27P120K0; ii) for soil cultivation as follows: soil loosing 10-12 cm, plough at depth 12-15 cm, 22-24 cm (an accepted technology), 18-22 cm and 30-35 cm. It was found that soil cultivation and mineral fertilization had effect on nitrogen use efficiency and life cycle of root nodules in Alfalfa. Nitrogen use efficiency was found to be highest at N23P100K35 and plough at the depth of 22-24 cm. Life cycle of root nodules was the longest at N35P80K50 and plough at the depth of 18-22 cm. The better root mass to nodule number ratio was found at N23P100K35 and plough at the depth of 22-24 cm.
https://www.gjesm.net/article_13842_ecdc6d712c060dea34ec683db90aac71.pdf
2015-10-01
333
339
10.7508/gjesm.2015.04.008
Alfalfa
Life cycle of root nodules
Mineral fertilization
Nitrogen use efficiency
Soil cultivation
V.
Vasileva
viliana.vasileva@gmail.com
1
Institute of Forage Crops-Pleven, Department Technology and Ecology of Forage Crops, 89 General Vladimir Vazov Street. Pleven 5800, Bulgaria
LEAD_AUTHOR
I.
Pachev
iv_pachev@abv.bg
2
Institute of Viticulture and Enology, 1, Kala Tepe Street, Pleven, 5800, Bulgaria
AUTHOR
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