eng
GJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)
Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management
2383-3572
2383-3866
2015-01-01
1
1
1
14
10.7508/gjesm.2015.01.001
9498
Hazard assessment for a pharmaceutical mixture detected in the upper Tennessee River using Daphnia magna
D. Wolfe
daniel.n.wolfe@gmail.com
1
M. Schorr
mark-schorr@utc.edu
2
M. Hanson
mark.hanson@umanitoba.ca
3
C.H. Nelson
charles-nelson@utc.edu
4
S.M. Richards
seanrichards.utc@gmail.com
5
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, 215 Holt Hall, 615 McCallie Avenue, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, 215 Holt Hall, 615 McCallie Avenue, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA
Department of Environment and Geography, 252 Wallace, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, 215 Holt Hall, 615 McCallie Avenue, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, 215 Holt Hall, 615 McCallie Avenue, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA
Widespread use of pharmaceuticals has resulted in mixture concentrations ranging from mg/L in effluent to µg/L concentrations in surface water. In a 2008 study, 13 pharmaceuticals, ranging in amounts from 0.0028 to 0.1757 µg/l, were identified in the Tennessee River, USA and its tributaries. In order to address the need for risk assessment of environmentally relevant pharmaceutical mixtures, Daphnia magna 21-d life cycle tests were performed on a mixture of 11 of the 13 pharmaceuticals as well as on the individual components of the mixture. Mixture exposures were based on the same initial ratios of individual compounds, up to 1000x the initial mixture concentrations. The endpoints of mortality, time to first brood, size, and fecundity were the assessed. The LOEC of the 11- pharmaceutical mixture was determined to be 100x greater than the measured mixture concentration detected in the Tennessee River, with the NOEC being 75x that of the measured mixture. Single concentrations of pharmaceuticals within the mixture up to the 100x LOEC were not statistically different from control for any of the assessed endpoints. Thus, no single pharmaceutical was deemed predominately responsible for the mixture toxicity at the concentrations tested. While mixtures of pharmaceuticals are common in many systems, based on the findings of the present study, they may not pose a significant acute or chronic hazard to aquatic invertebrates at current concentrations.
https://www.gjesm.net/article_9498_bc4a7aac820ca378644dd250d9337281.pdf
Pharmaceuticals
Mixture toxicity
Hazard assessment
Daphnia magna
eng
GJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)
Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management
2383-3572
2383-3866
2015-01-01
1
1
15
26
10.7508/gjesm.2015.01.002
9497
Particle-size fractions-dependent extracellular enzyme activity in sediments and implications for resource allocation in a subtropical mangrove ecosystem
L. Luo
evalaw60@gmail.com
1
J.-D. Gu
jdgu@hku.hk
2
Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
The distribution of extracellular enzyme activities in particle-size fractions of sediments was investigated in a subtropical mangrove ecosystem. Five enzymes involved in carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycling were analyzed in the sand, silt, and clay of sediments. Among these fractions, the highest activities of phenol oxidase (PHO), β-D glucosidase (GLU), and N-acetyl-glucosiminidase (NAG) were found in sand, and greater than bulk sediments of both intertidal zone (IZ) and mangrove forest (MG). This result implied that sand fractions might protect selective enzymes through the adsorption without affecting their activities. Additionally, the enzyme-based resource allocation in various particle-size fractions demonstrated that nutirents availability varied with different particle-size fractions and only sand fraction of MG with highest total C showed high N and P availability among fractions. Besides, the analysis between elemental contents and enzymes activities in particle-size fractions suggested that enzymes could monitor the changes of nutrients availability and be good indicators of ecosystem responses to environmental changes. Thus, these results provided a means to assess the availability of different nutrients (C, N, and P) during decomposition of sediment organic matter (SOM), and thus helping to better manage the subtropical mangrove ecosystems to sequester C into SOM.
https://www.gjesm.net/article_9497_291f32658fff29e82214fee67582ee64.pdf
Extracellular enzymes
Resource Allocation
Particle-size fraction
Mangrove ecosystem
eng
GJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)
Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management
2383-3572
2383-3866
2015-01-01
1
1
27
40
10.7508/gjesm.2015.01.003
9526
Hexavalent chromium removal in a tannery industry wastewater using rice husk silica
D. Sivakumar
sivakumar.gjesm@gmail.com
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Vel Tech High Tech Dr.Rangarajan Dr.Sakunthala Engineering College, Avadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Present study dealt the removal of Cr(VI) in a tannery industry wastewater using rice husk silica powder as an adsorbent.The experimental investigations have been carried out by using rice husk silica powder for different adsorption dosage, different contact time and different pH against the initial Cr(VI) concentration of 292 mg/L. The maximum percentage removal of Cr(VI) in the tannery industrial wastewater (88.3 %) was found at an optimum adsorbent dosage of 15 g, contact time of 150 min., and pH of 4. Further, the experimental data on removal of Cr(VI) from tannery industry wastewater was validated with the Cr(VI) aqueous solution of same initial concentration of tannery industry waster against the optimum process parameters. The results of the validation experiment showed that the experiments conducted for the removal of Cr(VI) in a tannery industry wastewater may be reproducing capability for analyzing various parameters along with Cr(VI) based water and industry wastewater. The experimental data were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Isotherm models result indicated that the equilibrium data fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm than Freundlich isotherm, because of higher correlation created between dependent and independent variables. Thus, the adsorption method using rice husk silica powder was used effectively for removing Cr(VI) in the tannery industrial wastewater, seems to be an economical and worthwhile alternative over other conventional methods, because of their abundant source, low price, multi-purposes and antimicrobial properties.
https://www.gjesm.net/article_9526_fe1e9dc2a4b00bbc247129575ba967db.pdf
Adsorption
Isotherm models
Magnetic Stirrer
Tannery Industry Wastewater
UV/VIS Spectrophotometer
eng
GJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)
Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management
2383-3572
2383-3866
2015-01-01
1
1
41
46
10.7508/gjesm.2015.01.004
9543
An investigation on role of salinity, pH and DO on heavy metals elimination throughout estuarial mixture
A.R. Karbassi
akarbasi@ut.ac.ir
1
M. Heidari
mehdiheidari_1364@yahoo.com
2
Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, P.O.Box 14155-6135, Tehran, Iran
Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, P.O.Box 14155-6135, Tehran, Iran
One of the most paramount processes that play a considerable role in reducing the concentration of heavy metals during estuarine mixing is flocculation. Not only does such a process cause a huge percentage of metals to come into the particulate phase, but also it provides ample nutrients for the aquatic life. In the present study, impact of such factors as salinity, pH and DO on flocculation of Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cd and Mn throughout mixing of Chaluse River with Caspian Sea is investigated. The trend of flocculation of Pb (24.32%) < Zn (24.38%) < Cd (40.00%) < Cu (64.71%) < Ni (68.00%) < Mn (76.47%) reveals that among the studied elements Mn and lead experience minimum and maximum flocculation at diverse salinity regimes, respectively. Moreover, flocculation rate of studied metals fluctuates between 24.32 and 76.47 percent. It is interesting to note that much of metal flocculation occurs at the very lower (less than 2 ppt) salinity regimes.
https://www.gjesm.net/article_9543_1a816c06763c382be1f15034554d58d2.pdf
Dissolved Oxygen
Freshwater
Chalus River
Pollution elimination
Diverse salinity
eng
GJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)
Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management
2383-3572
2383-3866
2015-01-01
1
1
47
62
10.7508/gjesm.2015.01.005
9555
Biochemical evaluation of antioxidant activity and polysaccharides fractions in seaweeds
A. Tariq
amnatariq01@hotmail.com
1
M. Athar
athar.tariq@cdfa.ca.gov
2
J. Ara
jara@uok.edu.pk
3
V. Sultana
viqarsultana@hotmail.com
4
S. Ehteshamul-Haque
ehtesham12@hotmail.com
5
M. Ahmad
6
Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
California Department of Food and Agriculture, 3288 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, CA 95832, USA
Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
In the present study ethanol and water extracts of 15 seaweeds, Dictyota dichotoma var. velutricata, Dictyota indica, Iyengaria stellata, Padina pavonia, Sargassum swartzii, Sargassum variegatum, Stoechospermum marginatum, Stokeyia indica, Jolyna laminarioides, Caulerpa taxifolia, Halimeda tuna, Ulva fasciata, Ulva lactuca, Solieria robusta, and Melanothamnus afaqhusainii, were evaluated for their antioxidant potential by ABTS or 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), superoxide and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assays. The activity was concentration dependent and the variation in antioxidant potential was also observed by different assays in both extracts. Ethanol extract of D. dichotoma var. velutricata, D. indica and S. marginatum demonstrated highest activity by TAC assay. The antioxidant potential in organic solvent fractions of seaweeds namely P. pavonia, S. swartzii, S. marginatum and M. afaqhusainii was also determined and chloroform fraction of all the four seaweeds showed highest activity by superoxide assay. Antioxidant activity of extracted fractions of polysaccharides from S. indica, C. taxifolia and D. dichotoma var. velutricata was also evaluated by superoxide method. Polysaccharide fractions of S. indica obtained from HCl (at 700C and room temperature) and water extract demonstrated highest activity respectively. All the polysaccharide fractions of C. taxifolia showed excellent activity except CaClF70°C. Polysaccharide fractions of D. dichotoma var. velutricata also exhibited very good activity.
https://www.gjesm.net/article_9555_cb537ac8da1caad9c81324ca5401f531.pdf
Antioxidant Activity
Karachi coast
Polysaccharide fractions
Seaweeds
eng
GJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)
Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management
2383-3572
2383-3866
2015-01-01
1
1
63
70
10.7508/gjesm.2015.01.006
9607
Optimizing the production of Polyphosphate from Acinetobacter towneri
J. Aravind
dr.j.aravind@gmail.com
1
T. Saranya
saranbiotech007@gmail.com
2
P. Kanmani
kanmani.p.bt@kct.ac.in
3
Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore – 641006, India
Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore – 641006, India
Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore – 641006, India
Inorganic polyphosphates (PolyP) are linear polymers of few to several hundred orthophosphate residues, linked by energy-rich phosphoanhydride bonds. Four isolates had been screened from soil sample. By MALDI-TOF analysis, they were identified as Bacillius cereus, Acinetobacter towneri, B. megaterium and B. cereus. The production of PolyP in four isolates was studied in phosphate uptake medium and sulfur deficient medium at pH 7. These organisms had shown significant production of PolyP after 22h of incubation. PolyP was extracted from the cells using alkaline lysis method. Among those isolates, Acinetobacter towneri was found to have high (24.57% w/w as P) accumulation of PolyP in sulfur deficient medium. The media optimization for sulfur deficiency was carried out using Response surface methodology (RSM). It was proven that increase in phosphate level in the presence of glucose, under sulfur limiting condition, enhanced the phosphate accumulation by Acinetobacter towneri and these condition can be simulated for the effective removal of phosphate from wastewater sources.
https://www.gjesm.net/article_9607_354135309ef31cf9bc04bd74825cd605.pdf
biopolymer
MALDI-TOF
Neisser stain
Plackett-Burman
Polyphosphates
Sulfur deficient medium
eng
GJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)
Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management
2383-3572
2383-3866
2015-01-01
1
1
71
94
10.7508/gjesm.2015.01.007
9556
Decolorization of mixture of dyes: A critical review
V.K. Gupta
vinodfcy@iitr.ac.in
1
S. Khamparia
shraddha.khamparia@sitpune.edu.in
2
I. Tyagi
inderdcy@iitr.ac.in
3
D. Jaspal
4
A. Malviya
5
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247 667, India
Symbiosis Institute of Research and Innovation, Symbiosis International University, Lavale, Pune 412115, India
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247 667, India
Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International University, Lavale, Pune-412115, India
Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal-462021, India
Water plays a vital and essential role in our ecosystem. This natural resource is becoming scarce, making its availability a major social and economic concern. Use of a large variety of synthetic dyes in textile industries has raised an hazardous environmental alert. About 17 - 20% of freshwater pollution is caused by textile effluents. These effluents are recalcitrant to biodegradation and cause acute toxicity to the receiving water bodies, as these comprised of various types of toxic dyes, which are difficult to remove. Decolorisation of textile wastewater is therefore important before releasing it into the nearby local waterways. It therefore becomes essential to degrade the toxic chemicals of textile wastewater, so as to avoid the hazardous environmental effects. Several treatment methods have been employed to embark upon the problem of dye removal but degradation becomes further more difficult for effluents containing dye matrix. The review study has been an attempt to present the different diversified attempts used for decolorisation of a mixture of dyes.
https://www.gjesm.net/article_9556_7789614deff28997c06a469869bd6dff.pdf
Decolorisation
Dye mixture
ecosystem
Synthetic dye
Textile waste water
eng
GJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)
Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management
2383-3572
2383-3866
2015-01-01
1
1
95
97
10.7508/gjesm.2015.01.008
9553
Chemical and ecological control methods for Epitrix spp.
A.G.S. Cuthbertson
andrew.cuthbertson@fera.gsi.gov.uk
1
The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK
Very little information exists in regards to the control options available for potato flea beetles, Epitrix spp. This short review covers both chemical and ecological options currently available for control of Epitrix spp. Synthetic pyrethroids are the weapon of choice for the beetles. However, the impetus in integrated pest management is to do timely (early-season) applications with something harsh which will give long-term protection at a time when there are not a lot of beneficials in the field. Finding the balance for control of Epitrix spp. is proving difficult.
https://www.gjesm.net/article_9553_98ad6d815f4b012ee759a8d4b7c390fc.pdf
Chemical and ecological control
Epitrix spp
Pesticide sprays
Potato crops