@article { author = {Shcherbak, V. and Gryshchenko, I. and Ganushchak-Yefimenko, L. and Nifatova, O. and Tkachuk, V. and Kostiuk, T. and Hotra, V.}, title = {Using a sharing-platform to prevent a new outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic in rural areas}, journal = {Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {155-170}, year = {2021}, publisher = {GJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)}, issn = {2383-3572}, eissn = {2383-3866}, doi = {10.22034/gjesm.2021.02.01}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A new wave of Covid-19 pandemic has worsened the epidemiological situation in Ukraine. This caused the need to tighten quarantine measures that have been introduced since 31.08.2020. The conducted analysis showed that there are 3 groups of technologies for digital contact tracing: from maximum (25%) to minimum (20%). Objective of the study is to develop an exchange platform to track the spread of COVID-19 in rural areas.METHODS: Factor analysis identified key factors of COVID-19 virus spread. Cluster analysis identified clusters of COVID-19 spread. Taxonomy method established the limits of using contact tracing methods. Discriminatory method makes it possible to change the applied contact tracing method.FINDINGS: The results showed that the identified factors (medico-demographic special features of Covid-19 virus spread; rural infrastructure to counteract the infection) describe in total 83.24% of the data processed. Specified 4 clusters differ in the level of susceptibility of the population to COVID-19 and infrastructure development: from minimum (33% of the united territorial communities) to maximum - 13% of the united territorial communities. The value of the integral indicator calculated provides means for establishing the maximum (8.5) and the minimum (2) limit of changes in the method of digital contact tracing.CONCLUSION: The developed methodology was implemented on the basis of the united territorial communities of Sumy region. Monitoring of changes in the epidemiological situation made it possible to justify the need to change the contact tracing model, which will reduce the epidemiological level in the region as a whole by 30%.}, keywords = {Coronavirus (Covid-19),Digital contact tracing technologies (DCTТ model),Indicators,Monitoring,rural areas,United territorial communities (UTC)}, url = {https://www.gjesm.net/article_45801.html}, eprint = {https://www.gjesm.net/article_45801_c25baa1294908d24c4e058e995a67c88.pdf} } @article { author = {Amani, N. and Tirgar Fakheri, F. and Safarzadeh, K.}, title = {Prioritization of the effective factors in reducing energy consumption in a residential building using computer simulation}, journal = {Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {171-184}, year = {2021}, publisher = {GJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)}, issn = {2383-3572}, eissn = {2383-3866}, doi = {10.22034/gjesm.2021.02.02}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: According to the latest energy balance sheets, the average energy consumption in the residential sector of Iran is about 41% of the total energy consumption in the country. Increasing the energy efficiency of buildings can decrease the annual energy consumption in the residential sector and, thereby, the energy costs of families. The objectives of this study were to evaluate and prioritize the effective factors in reducing the energy consumption in residential buildings in the north of Iran using the climatic conditions analysis.METHODS: In the first step, the amount of energy consumption in the cooling and heating section was estimated in the base conditions, and in the next step, the amount of energy consumption was calculated. The obtained results were compared with each other with the help of optimization strategies for energy consumption using the Design Builder software. Finally, a set of effective factors were determined to be involved in decreasing the energy consumption.FINDING: The results showed that application of the LED lamps instead of the conventional fluorescent lamps could decrease the energy consumption by 980.4 kWh. Moreover, changing the materials of the walls and ceiling, using the polyurethane foam insulation with the thickness of 20 mm, and using the double-glazed UPVC windows reduced the energy consumption by 770 kWh. Energy reduction of about 101.5 kWh was also obtained after external movable awning and internal blind.CONCLUSION: The most commonly used materials were analyzed by the Design Builder software. The analysis was done by integrating building architecture engineering (the best form of orientation and facade) based on the reasonable costs of consuming common materials in the area. The obtained results can be used for both evaluating the energy efficiency in residential buildings and producing a comfortable living environment in a moderate and humid climate.  }, keywords = {Energy Efficiency,effective factors,Energy costs,Moderate and humid climate,Residential building}, url = {https://www.gjesm.net/article_44702.html}, eprint = {https://www.gjesm.net/article_44702_a6efbcbe34913884954d73b0fdac9344.pdf} } @article { author = {Iriany, A. and Hasanah, F. and Roeswitawati, D. and Bela, M.F.}, title = {Biodegradable mulch as microclimate modification effort for improving the growth of horenso; Spinacia oleracea L.}, journal = {Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {185-196}, year = {2021}, publisher = {GJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)}, issn = {2383-3572}, eissn = {2383-3866}, doi = {10.22034/gjesm.2021.02.03}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Increasing global temperature imposes large risks to food security globally and regionally. Besides, adaptation effort on cultivation practices, such as mulching, is urgent to overcome environmental problem due to certain material used, commonly plastic that is not biodegradable. Biodegradable mulch is a mulch that could be degraded by microorganism and made from renewable organic materials. It plays a role in carbon sequestration and will contribute carbon and nutrients to the soil after being degraded. This current research aimed at investigating soil microclimate under various biodegradable mulch compositions and optimizing the compositions of biodegradable mulch that can be used to support the growth of short-cycle crops i.e. horenso (Spinacia olearecea L.).METHODS: This study was carried out using a simple randomized complete block design with one control (without mulch) and five treatments (biodegradable mulch compositions), namely the percentage of water hyacinth (40-80%) and coconut coir (20-60%). FINDINGS: All tested biodegradable mulch compositions could modify microclimate by decreasing 1-2°C of soil temperature and maintaining the soil moisture within the range of 63-84%. Although there was no significant difference in the growth and yield of horenso among the differing biodegradable mulch compositions, the biodegradable mulch composition treatments resulted in signficantly higher value than the control (without mulch). The biodegradable mulch composition treatments could increase fresh shoot weight around 38-55%, fresh root weight for about 55-94%, and dry shoot weight approximately by 1.6-2.8 times compared to the control (without mulch). CONCLUSION: This finding has emphasized that all tested biodegradable mulch compositions are potentially used as mulch for horenso (Spinacia oleracea L.) cultivation. This study provide information in the formulation of biodegradable mulch to adapt the compositions on other short-cycle crops and other horticulture crops.==========================================================================================COPYRIGHTS©2021 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers.========================================================================================== }, keywords = {Global warming,Mulching,Natural fiber,Organic mulch,Paper mulch. Randomized complete block design (RCBD)}, url = {https://www.gjesm.net/article_46237.html}, eprint = {https://www.gjesm.net/article_46237_0b06740e5a60d2065dad02fe6651e7bd.pdf} } @article { author = {Hapoğlu, H. and Camcıoğlu, Ş. and Özyurt, B. and Yildirim, P. and Balas, L.}, title = {Dıscrete-tıme dynamıc water qualıty ındex model ın coastal water}, journal = {Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {197-210}, year = {2021}, publisher = {GJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)}, issn = {2383-3572}, eissn = {2383-3866}, doi = {10.22034/gjesm.2021.02.04}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It is important to develop dynamic water quality index software that reflected accurately the state of enclosed coastal water quality. This study explored water quality index model software including the third-order and daily based discrete-time transfer function in Simulink-MATLAB environment to predict the past and future water quality index changes versus discrete-time by using the data measured approximately once a month.METHODS: A modelling software for daily based discrete-time water quality index was developed to evaluate the pollution level in enclosed coastal water bodies affected by marinas. Measurements were done at three different stations near marina entrances in Bucak, Kaş, and Fethiye Bays located at the south western Mediterranean coast of Turkey. The computed water quality index values and the sampled indicators data defined in terms of the deviation variables were used to identify the proposed third-order transfer function parameters. The proposed software is applicable for past and future estimates, where inputs may include some missing measurements. The input data are interpolated to estimate daily based inputs by using the developed model in the Simulink-MATLAB environment. For model verifications, monthly measured water quality parameters are used.FINDINGS: The software including the daily based discrete-time transfer function and the input sources was successfully applied to predict past and future water quality index changes with 4.2 percent, 4.3 percent, and 7.1 percent of the absolute maximum errors respectively in Fethiye, Kaş, and Bucak stations. In three stations studied, seasonal comparison of the enclosed coastal water quality showed that the quality in winter (72±2) is lower than the one (82±8) in other seasons. The past and future daily predictions of water quality index changes versus discrete-time were realized successfully by using the proposed software and the data measured approximately once a month.CONCLUSION: By determining similar transfer functions and selecting some adequate indicators, the software proposed can be adapted for quality assessment in other enclosed water bodies.}, keywords = {Mediterranean coast,parameters,Quality Assessment,Transfer function,Water Quality Index (WQI)}, url = {https://www.gjesm.net/article_47892.html}, eprint = {https://www.gjesm.net/article_47892_068a23b2f2b7aa2752fd819de039554a.pdf} } @article { author = {Jaiswal, A. and Samuel, C.}, title = {Fuel wastage and pollution due to road toll booth}, journal = {Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {211-224}, year = {2021}, publisher = {GJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)}, issn = {2383-3572}, eissn = {2383-3866}, doi = {10.22034/gjesm.2021.02.05}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The study provides an assessment of fuel wastage, particulate matter particles pollution, and noise pollution at three toll booths near district Varanasi, India. The objective of the study is to analyze the effects of vehicle idling conditions on road tolls in terms of pollution and fuel wastage.METHODS: The study used mathematical formulation on queuing observations for assessment of fuel wastage due to vehicle idling at toll booths. Handheld device HT-9600 Air Particle counter was used for getting the readings of PM2.5 and PM10.  SL10 noise meter of Extech Instruments was used for measuring the noise levels at the selected three toll booths of Dafi Toll Booth, Lalanagar Toll Booth, and Mohania Toll Booth.FINDING: The study assessed a greater extent of fuel wastage at all the three toll booths with maximum fuel wastage at Dafi Toll booth due to vehicle idling. In terms of air pollution, severe levels of particulate matter particles were observed over all the three toll booths. The noise levels over the three toll booths were also observed significantly high.CONCLUSION: The study suggested that serious measures are required to control and regulate toll booths to avoid vehicle idling, which will lead to savings of fuel and air and noise pollution.}, keywords = {Air pollution,Fuel wastage,noise pollution,Particulate matter (PM10 + PM2.5),Toll booth}, url = {https://www.gjesm.net/article_46325.html}, eprint = {https://www.gjesm.net/article_46325_b43489ed2e2f604f4a8f8a2582381ac6.pdf} } @article { author = {Puno, G. and Puno, R. and Maghuyop, I.}, title = {Two-dimensional flood model for risk exposure analysis of land use/land cover in a watershed}, journal = {Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {225-238}, year = {2021}, publisher = {GJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)}, issn = {2383-3572}, eissn = {2383-3866}, doi = {10.22034/gjesm.2021.02.06}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The study involved developing a two-dimensional flood model to analyze the risk exposure of land use/land cover based on the generated flood hazard maps for the six return period scenarios in the Solana watershed.METHODS: The approach consisted of applying hydrologic and hydraulic numerical flood models and the suite of advanced geographic information systems and remote sensing technologies. The process involved utilizing a high-resolution digital elevation model and a set of high-precision instruments such as the real-time kinematic-global position system receiver, digital flow meter, deep gauge, and automatic weather station in collecting the respective data on bathymetry, river discharge, river depth, and rainfall intensity during a particular climatic event, needed for the model development, calibration and validation.FINDINGS: The developed two-dimensional flood model could simulate flood hazard with an 86% accuracy level based on the coefficient of determination statistics. The flood risk exposure analysis revealed that coconut is the most affected, with 31.3% and 37.1% being at risk across the 2-year and 100-year return period scenarios, respectively. Results also showed that rice and pineapple are at risk of flooding damage with the increasing rate of exposure by a magnitude of 42.9 and 9.3 across the 2-year and 100-year flood scenarios, respectively.CONCLUSION: The study highlighted the integration of the findings and recommendations in the localized comprehensive land use plan and implementation to realize the challenge of building a climate change proof and a flood-resilient human settlement in the urbanizing watershed of Solana.}, keywords = {Climate change,Hazards,Remote Sensing,resilience, return period}, url = {https://www.gjesm.net/article_239480.html}, eprint = {https://www.gjesm.net/article_239480_a13aaad1042a02b9b12ab28bcb91be07.pdf} } @article { author = {Feijoo, C. and De la Torre, E. and Narvaez, R.}, title = {Cyanide ion oxidation by catalytic effect of nickel ferrites activated carbon composites}, journal = {Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {239-258}, year = {2021}, publisher = {GJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)}, issn = {2383-3572}, eissn = {2383-3866}, doi = {10.22034/gjesm.2021.02.07}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cyanide is a commonly-used substance in the gold recovery processes due to its high affinity for forming complexes with the precious metal, but inadequate handling and its final arrangement can lead to severe environmental contamination. In this context, this research focuses on the preparation of nickel ferrite-activated carbon catalysts for catalytic oxidation of cyanide ion in the presence of air. METHODS: Hydrated salts of nickel (Ni(NO3)2·6H2O) and iron (Fe(NO3)3·9H2O) were used as precursors. The preparation pathways of ferrite and of ferrite-activated carbon composites were hydro-chemical with oxalic acid (C2H2O4) and co-precipitation with sodium hydroxide. The parameters evaluated for catalyst preparation were Ni/Fe molar ratios (1/1.5 and 1/2), calcination times and temperatures (2-4 h/600-900°C), and ferrite-activated carbon mass ratios in the case of composites (1/1, 1/2 and 1/3). FINDINGS: Oxidation results showed that the ideal Ni/Fe molar ratio was 1/2, and the calcination time was 4 h at 600 and 900ᵒC for co-precipitation and hydro-chemical pathways of nickel ferrites, respectively. The catalyst that showed the greatest capacity for cyanide transformation was that obtained by the hydro-chemical pathway with oxalic acid, achieving efficiencies of 96.3% oxidation of cyanide ion. It was also determined that the largest impregnation of ferrite on the carbonaceous surface was 52.6% through the treatment with oxalic acid, with which the composite was obtained with the best catalytic properties of cyanide ion. CONCLUSION: Nickel ferrite is able to oxidize cyanide ion to cyanate ion; being the ferrite-activated carbon combination, with which composite materials with catalytic properties of cyanide ion are obtained. Because of this, the materials studied could be applied in the detoxification of cyanurate solutions from metallurgical processes.}, keywords = {Activated carbon catalysts,Co-precipitation catalysts preparation,Cyanide oxidation,Hydro-chemical catalysts preparation,Nickel ferrite catalysts}, url = {https://www.gjesm.net/article_239897.html}, eprint = {https://www.gjesm.net/article_239897_3250ee3fa6bb6377360e4fd570e0ced4.pdf} } @article { author = {Weekes, J. and Musa Wasil, J. and Malave Llamas, K. and Morales Agrinzoni, C.}, title = {Solid waste management system for small island developing states}, journal = {Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {259-272}, year = {2021}, publisher = {GJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)}, issn = {2383-3572}, eissn = {2383-3866}, doi = {10.22034/gjesm.2021.02.08}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Solid waste management which entails the generation, storage, collection, transportation, processing, treatment and disposal of waste products is regarded as a challenge to many countries worldwide. The focus and methods vary in all territories given the wide range of factors which influence waste management. Small Island Developing States face unique challenges which are influenced by their peculiar physical, economic, social, political and institutional characteristic. Consequently, they require a solid waste management system tailored to their unique requirements.METHODS: Qualitative and quantitative data were gathered between February and November 2019 from various primary and secondary sources using the following instruments and techniques: literature review of reports, news articles, legislation, journals and case studies; on-site observations; and administering questionnaires in the study area in October 2019. The study area comprised 3 communities which were representative of the waste management district, and were selected using the purposive sampling method, while the sample size of 0.3% of the households in the study area was selected randomly by administering questionnaires to anonymous respondents in arbitrary households in the communities. Using descriptive methods, data was tallied and grouped, then the content analysed to determine patterns, to answer questions to the problems and to determine relationships and themes. Findings were summarised, simplified and presented in formats such as graphs and tables and written descriptive accounts. FINDINGS: Solid waste management affects all countries irrespective of their level of development. The focal point varies across societies. Small Island Developing States have a unique challenge posed by their particular characteristics. Given that each territory has a peculiar mix of factors, any solid waste management system derived must be exclusive to each. There is no single, ideal system which can be proposed. Whatever the system decided upon, it must encompass the socioeconomic, cultural, economic, legislative, institutional and environmental context of the territory, but most of all it must be accepted by the majority of stakeholders. CONCLUSION: A solid waste management system must be unique to each area, given that there are many dynamic variables which affect the system. Consequently, the system derived from this study can only be applied in its entirety to the study area. Other areas with similar characteristics can lend examples from the study area.}, keywords = {Environmental Education,Small island developing states (SIDS),Solid waste management (SWM),Sustainability,Waste reduction}, url = {https://www.gjesm.net/article_239924.html}, eprint = {https://www.gjesm.net/article_239924_4e3900c1146e62d1ae4eba30ebdba875.pdf} } @article { author = {Mensah, N.J. and Antwi-Akomeah, S. and Belford, E.J.D. and Sebiawu, G.E. and Aabeyir, R.}, title = {Residual organochlorine pesticide contaminants profile in fish and sediment from a dam}, journal = {Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {273-286}, year = {2021}, publisher = {GJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)}, issn = {2383-3572}, eissn = {2383-3866}, doi = {10.22034/gjesm.2021.02.09}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The vulnerability of the Sankana dam to organochlorine pesticide contamination is a major cause for concern. Indigenes rely on the dam for drinking water and irrigation of their farmlands as well as for fish and other aquatic delicacies. Virtually there exists no study on the residual levels of organochlorine or other pesticide contaminants in the dam despite its susceptibility to pesticide contamination. In the present study, the levels of organochlorine residues in fish and sediments from the Sankana dam were assessed.METHODS: Pesticide residue extraction was achieved using acetonitrile containing 1% (v/v) acetic acid in the presence of sodium acetate, sodium citrate and magnesium sulphate followed by purification over activated florisil and sodium sulphate. Identification and quantification of residue extracts was done using a gas chromatograph conjugated with mass spectrometer.FINDING: In all, varying levels of 13 organochlorine residues were detected, 11 of which were found in fish and 12 in sediment. Average mean levels of organochlorine residues found in fish ranged from 0.001 - 0.277 mg/kg. Residual levels of beta-hexachlorocyclohexane, delta-hexachlorocyclohexane, gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane, endosulfan-A and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane in fish were relatively higher than their respective levels in sediment. Organochlorine residues found in sediment also ranged from 0.001 - 0.091 mg/kg. Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, methoxychlor, heptachlor, gamma-chlordane and endosulfan-B residual levels in sediment were higher than the corresponding levels in fish.CONCLUSION: The study provides a baseline for continuous/regular monitoring of organochlorine contaminants in the Sankana dam and other waterbodies upstream and downstream. Where organochlorine residues exceeded their recommended permissible thresholds typically suggests possible recent/continuous use of such pesticides within the catchment area. There is therefore the need for appropriate measures and/or need to strengthen existing policies that bans the importation, sale and use of organochlorine pesticides via strict enforcement.}, keywords = {Fish,Ghana,Organochlorine Residues,Pesticide toxicity,Sankana Dam,Sediment}, url = {https://www.gjesm.net/article_46248.html}, eprint = {https://www.gjesm.net/article_46248_9f18e51524e0df81c92f159cd1bc4b24.pdf} } @article { author = {Sunarti, . and Tjakraatmadja, J.H. and Ghazali, A. and Rahardyan, B.}, title = {Increasing resident participation in waste management through intrinsic factors cultivation}, journal = {Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {287-316}, year = {2021}, publisher = {GJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)}, issn = {2383-3572}, eissn = {2383-3866}, doi = {10.22034/gjesm.2021.02.10}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:  Resident participation in waste management is essential to overcome waste problems effectively. In many developing countries, the local government has been struggling to encourage resident involvement in the waste management process, but the participation rate is still low. Thus, it requires a system that can encourage residents to participate effectively and sustainably. Therefore, this study aimed to determine what determinant factors, either extrinsic or intrinsic, significantly improve resident participation by changing behaviour toward waste management.METHODS: This study tried to get insights from previous studies about key determinant factors affecting resident behaviour toward waste management to improve participation, significantly using a literature review method.FINDINGS: Educational setting for residents is crucial to improve waste management participation by cultivating key intrinsic factors with support from extrinsic factors that lead to changing behaviour. This study identified eight types of key contents shared in the educational setting to ensure its improvement. Key intrinsic factors should be cultivated, including six kinds of knowledge and five emotional domain factors. The six critical types of knowledge include technical experience, waste management performance knowledge, perception of benefits, environmental awareness, understanding of individual and social responsibility, and understanding the social norms and regulations. The five intrinsic factors in the emotional domain include environmental efficacy, motivation, personal moral norms, PBC, and Attitude toward waste management. All the critical determinant factors, including intrinsic and extrinsic factors, should support each other to improve residents’ behaviour, leading to sustainable participation.CONCLUSION: Relevance of educational content to the residents is crucial to ensure educational intervention effectiveness. With full support from the antecedent factors, waste management behaviour can be nurtured sustainably, significantly increasing the participation rate. Combining extrinsic and intrinsic factors is recommended to ensure the effectiveness of the improvement of resident participation.}, keywords = {developing countries,Determinant Factors,Resident Participation,Waste Management Behavior,Waste Problems}, url = {https://www.gjesm.net/article_47890.html}, eprint = {https://www.gjesm.net/article_47890_8cdaab1b4c1026b20980f4196ad89fbd.pdf} }