Environmental Management
D. Juhandi; D.H. Darwanto; M. Masyhuri; J.H. Mulyo; N.A. Sasongko; H.L. Susilawati; A. Meilin; T. Martini
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Food estate initiative is an Indonesian government program designed to achieve food security though the cultivation of strategic commodities on large-scale agricultural land. Despite being controversial due to the scale of land use and budgetary requirements, the viability ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Food estate initiative is an Indonesian government program designed to achieve food security though the cultivation of strategic commodities on large-scale agricultural land. Despite being controversial due to the scale of land use and budgetary requirements, the viability of the program has been questioned by critics pointing to the failure of a similar initiative in the past. In other words, there is widespread pessimism regarding sustainability of food estate program. Therefore, this study presents a new approach to farming sustainability investigation, assessing seven aspects including economy, society, environment, institutions, technology, market, and culture. The objective was to compare the value and status of sustainability as well as design land use planning strategies.METHODS: Respondents of the questionnaire were 50 food estate farmers, selected from Pollung sub-district, as well as 50 non-food estate farmers from Dolok Sanggul and Lintong Nihuta Sub-districts. Multiaspect Sustainability Analysis software was used to conduct data analysis with Multidimensional Scaling approach. Primary data was collected through interviews using questionnaires and seven aspects analyzed include economic, social, environmental, institutional, technological, marketing, and cultural, with several factors. In addition, a total of 45 indicators were used to compare sustainability of farms, including 7 economics, 6 social, 9 environmental, 5 institutional, 7 technological, 5 marketing, and 6 cultural.FINDINGS: The results showed that in Food Eestate farming, sustainability value for economic aspects was 47.57, social 50, environmental 72.22, institutional 50, technological 50, market 53.4, and cultural 33.33. On the other hand, sustainability value of non-Food Eestate farming estate was 33.29 for economic, 47.17 for social, 77.78 for environmental, 56.6 for institutional, 42.86 for technological, 36.6 for market, and 41.67 for cultural aspects. The overall sustainability value of Food Eestate farming was 50.93, which was slightly higher than non-food estate score of 48. Improving all aspects in the third scenario is the most favorable approach for improving farming sustainability. Based on the results, 12 sustainability indicators were found to be relevant for designing land use planning strategies. These indicators had different implications for stakeholders in improving sustainability.CONCLUSION: Sustainability value of food estate farming exceeded that of non-Food Eestate but both were in the moderate category. Higher sustainability scores were recorded in economic, social, technological, and marketing aspects for Food Eestate farming, while higher scores were found in environmental, organizational, and cultural aspects for non-food estate . This study recommended implementing land use strategies such as multiple cropping for Food Eestate farming, and crop rotation for non-food estate. To implement the strategy for Food Eesrare farming, the government needed to increase fertilizer subsidies, provide agricultural insurance, relevant technology, extension services on land leases, agricultural sustainability, and water management. For non-food estate farming, the recommendations included providing capital loans, extension services on land tenure, agricultural sustainability, land conversion, inorganic fertilizer dosage, and weed management.
Environmental Management
Allaily .; A.D. Santoso; M.N. Rofiq; N.A. Sasongko; H. Daulay; E.I. Wiloso; E. Widjaja; B.N. Utomo; A.I. Yanuar; S. Suryani; Y.P. Erlambang; U.N. Thiyas; D. Iskandar; A. Anhar; M. Rahmawati; T. Simamora; Y. Yusriani; G. Maghfirah; M. Ammar
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sago plant is a valuable source of raw material for the processing industry and every part is very useful for food and shelter. Moreover, by-products of the Sago processing industry are useful as animal feed and liquid waste which has not been widely used. There are limited ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sago plant is a valuable source of raw material for the processing industry and every part is very useful for food and shelter. Moreover, by-products of the Sago processing industry are useful as animal feed and liquid waste which has not been widely used. There are limited studies on the use of Sago by-products and sustainability of Sago palm smallholder industry. Therefore, this study aimed to assess sustainability of Sago palm smallholder industry in Simeulue Regency and identify the values of each attribute in the four impacting dimensions.METHODS: This study was carried out through the direct interview method, using a questionnaire containing 35 attributes related to 4 dimensions, namely 8 attributes of economy, 12 environmental, 10 social, and 5 technological. The data were obtained from 5 entrepreneurs of Sago palm smallholder industry in Simeulue Regency, out of a total of 7 active Sago processing factories. Subsequently, the data were analyzed using Multidimensional Scaling method with rapid appraisal software. Sustainability status and leverage attributes were analyzed by Monte Carlo analysis and alternating least-squares algorithm.FINDINGS: The results showed that the general sustainability indicators in Sago palm smallholder industry had an average value of 46.03 percent. This assessment was based on the value for the economic dimension of 45.56 percent, environmental dimension of 27.89 percent, social dimension of 55.65 percent, and technological dimension of 55.03 percent. Furthermore, it was found that techniques in several processing stages or use of liquid waste, cultivation skills, and technology process contributed to sustainable development. This study provided information that production factors needed to be improved for sustainability of Sago palm smallholder industry in terms of economy and environment. However, the use of solid and liquid wastes had not been optimally used.CONCLUSION: In the economic dimension, an improvement in production factors such as the cultivation of Sago plant is important because it only relies on plant that live naturally. Furthermore, it is important to increase the use of Sago pulp as animal feed to improve the substitution of commercial rations usage, and facilitate sustainability value of the economic dimension. Meanwhile, in the environmental dimension, there should be study and socialization on the processing or use of liquid waste. This can help in addressing air and water pollution. In the social and technological dimensions, Sago farmers need to be equipped with cultivation skills to increase the value of this dimension. In conclusion, Sago palm smallholder industry in Simeulue Regency needs to be facilitated from upstream to downstream and sustain plant cultivation, and process Sago commodities using technology while suppressing negative effects on the environment.
Environmental Management
A. Ibrahim; S. Withaningsih; R. Kinseng; Parikesit .; D. Muhamad
Abstract
Agroforestry offers sustainable solutions for small-scale farmers and the environment, crucial for climate change adaptation and resilience. They store carbon, conserve biodiversity, maintain water and soil fertility, and support livelihood diversification. Payment for ecosystem services has the potential ...
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Agroforestry offers sustainable solutions for small-scale farmers and the environment, crucial for climate change adaptation and resilience. They store carbon, conserve biodiversity, maintain water and soil fertility, and support livelihood diversification. Payment for ecosystem services has the potential to safeguard agroforestry systems in theory, yet it encounters obstacles concerning the permanence of these systems and associated risks and barriers. The primary objective of this research is to examine the obstacles and uncertainties related to the implementation of Payment for ecosystem services in smallholder agroforestry systems. This study plays a crucial role in enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of Payment for ecosystem services schemes, thereby encouraging the widespread adoption of agroforestry practices. A systematic literature review was conducted to assess the payment for ecosystem services model and its implementation. Data were obtained from databases of scientific publications such as Scopus, Semantic Scholar, Crossref, and Google Scholar. A total of 40 pertinent studies were selected due to the intricate array of obstacles and uncertainties that hinder the effective implementation of payment for ecosystem services initiatives. The findings indicate that financial limitations arise as a noteworthy obstacle, as small-scale farmers encounter considerable economic hardships and discouragingly expensive implementation expenses (ranging from 150 United States dollar per metric ton of carbon dioxide). Additionally, they face a low credit price (approximately 50 United States dollar per metric ton of carbon dioxide equivalent). Socio-cultural factors, including gender dynamics, traditional beliefs, and generational disparities, shape farmers' attitudes toward payment for ecosystem services adoption, necessitating targeted interventions to foster trust and community acceptance. The importance of reliable data is emphasized by technical hurdles like accurate measurement of ecosystem services and monitoring complexities, necessitating innovative solutions and robust methodologies. Biophysical conditions like rainfall patterns and soil health further influence program success, demanding tailored approaches for effective implementation. The payment for ecosystem services programs entails a multitude of risks, which encompass various dimensions. These risks include uncertainties in the market, internal factors within the programs, flaws in program design, and environmental challenges. Market risks, like delayed credit payments, hinder financial cycles in programs. Other factors like farmers' commitment, inequitable benefit sharing, and labour displacement contribute to program sustainability risks. The success of programs is further endangered by subpar program design, insufficient conservation measures, and the adverse effects of climate change. Ultimately, comprehending and addressing these obstacles is essential in order to fully realize the benefits of payment for ecosystem services in agroforestry.bComprehensive strategies, including policy support, stakeholder engagement, and fair compensation coupled with collaborative efforts from governments, non-government organizations, local communities, and private enterprises are essential. Through the mitigation of risks barriers highlighted in this study, the utilization of payment for ecosystem services has the potential to become an effective instrument in advancing sustainable agricultural land practices, combating climate change, and improving the well-being of smallholder farmers.
Environmental Management
A.Z. Bi; K.B. Umesh; B. Md Abdul; D. Sivakumar; P. Srikanth
Abstract
Ensuring the long-term sustainability of food systems and the welfare of current and future generations depends critically on the economic and environmental sustainability of agricultural production. Implementing strategies that maximize resource use, reduce environmental effect, and guarantee profitability ...
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Ensuring the long-term sustainability of food systems and the welfare of current and future generations depends critically on the economic and environmental sustainability of agricultural production. Implementing strategies that maximize resource use, reduce environmental effect, and guarantee profitability is necessary to achieve economic and environmental sustainability at the crop level. Farmers need to be able to support their costs of production and crop sales through agriculture. In order to sell their goods at competitive prices, farmers must handle problems including market monopolies, price instability, and fair trading practices. The use of land, water, fertilizer, and pesticides affects production costs and earnings. Farmers can employ a variety of techniques, including as crop rotation, cover crops, agro forestry, organic farming, carbon sequestration and decreased tillage, which enhance soil health and lessen erosion, to preserve environmental sustainability. Water management strategies, such rainwater collection, drip irrigation, and water recycling, are used to save water and ease the strain on freshwater resources. Moreover, using drones and global positioning system-guided tractors maximizes input application, lowers fuel consumption, and boosts overall agricultural productivity. Beneficial insects, birds, and other animals find a home when hedgerows, buffer strips, and wildlife corridors are kept up around and inside fields at crop level. Farmers may improve the resilience, profitability, and long-term viability of their farms while reducing their negative environmental effects and advancing wider sustainability goals by incorporating economic management, environmental and social sustainability concepts at the farm level. Economic management, which lowers market risk and stabilizes farm revenue, involves cost analysis, budgeting, and community supported agriculture. The goals of integrated pest management and organic farming are to preserve the sustainable environment, control diseases and pests at the farm level, and use less chemicals overall. In order to ensure social sustainability, farm workers must engage with their local communities and customers, support resilient local food systems, and have safe working conditions, access to healthcare, and an education that upholds human dignity and social equality. To address the problem of unsustainable production practices, accounting for them by bringing all aspects of sustainability under a single umbrella is paramount. In spite of widespread interest in sustainability in agriculture production at the crop level, very little work has been done towards measuring the economic and environmental sustainability of individual crops at the farm level, particularly in developing countries like India. In the present study, a framework was developed that determines the sustainability of a particular crop's output using farm level information. Micro level indicators of sustainability only for the relevant dimensions of sustainability, viz., economic and environmental sustainability, were compiled and evaluated for their relevance, usefulness, and measurability for agriculture at the crop level. The sustainability scores of farmers were found to be 50.99 and 67.65 under the composite sustainability score under rainfed conditions. The composite sustainability scores for the composite environmental conditions were found to be 45.58 and 40.03 under rainfed and irrigated conditions, respectively. The economic sustainability indicator weights were found to be 30, 30, 15, 15, and 10 for the economic sustainable indicators 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 respectively. A further procedure for deriving composite indicators by aggregating individual indicators has been provided. The long-term viability of two sample respondents growing tomatoes was evaluated, demonstrating the applicability of the framework of agricultural production that balances environmental and economic sustainability at the crop level.
Environmental Management
E. Widjaja; B.N. Utomo; A.D. Santoso; Y.P. Erlambang; . Surono; M.A. Firmansyah; S. Handoko; E. Erythrina; M.N. Rofiq; D. Iskandar; N.A. Sasongko; T. Rochmadi; N. Abbas; M. Hanif; Y.S. Garno; F.D. Arianti; N.D. Suretno; M. Askinatin; C.O.I. Hastuti; F. Fahrodji
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Integrated farming is an efficient and environmentally friendly agricultural activity that uses low-input resources, including abundant local materials, such as waste. According to previous studies, this program has been adopted by the Indonesian government to facilitate the ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Integrated farming is an efficient and environmentally friendly agricultural activity that uses low-input resources, including abundant local materials, such as waste. According to previous studies, this program has been adopted by the Indonesian government to facilitate the achievement of sustainable agriculture. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the level of sustainability of low-input integrated agricultural farming by determining and analyzing the sustainability index.METHODS: Experts and business operators engaged in the integrated production of organic fertilizer, corn, and laying hen farming conducted scientific assessments to gather primary and secondary data. This was carried out through Focus Group Discussions and the completion of a questionnaire containing 34 attributes linked to environmental, economical, social, technological, and institutional aspects. The data obtained were then analyzed using a multidimensional scale technique. Monte Carlo analysis and alternating least-squares algorithm were used to examine sustainability status and significant characteristicsFINDINGS: The degree of agricultural integration's sustainability from organic fertilizer, corn, and layer hen farming was 86.10 percent. The results showed that techniques in several stages of the organic fertilizer production process, corn cultivation with the application of organic fertilizer, and laying hen farming with local feed, harvesting, and marketing, contributed to sustainable development by considering the strength aspects from each dimension. Based on the analysis results, the social dimension had a sustainable index score of 93.79 percent, followed by economic (90.57 percent), institutional (88.39 percent), environmental (83.45 percent), and technology (74.29 percent). Based on the findings, the factors that should be considered included 1) Efficiency in the utilization of water during egg, 2) fertilizer production and effectiveness of using fuel and electricity during the production and marketing, 3) an Industry manager level of education, 4) the ease by which raw materials can be obtained for the integration industry, 5) potential for increasing the low-input integrated agricultural farming, 6) the availability of integration industry facilities, infrastructure and level of expertise needed by managers in the people's integration sector, 7) Financial institutions' existence.CONCLUSION: Multidimensional mapping showed that the low-input integrated agricultural farming in the dry land of Pangkalan Lada District was running sustainably, with an average sustainability index of 86.10 percent. These results indicated that the integration of organic fertilizer, corn, and layer hen farming in the area had successfully optimized the available resources, created a sustainable farming model, and had the potential for adoption in various locations and future periods. The five evaluated dimensions showed good sustainability levels, with sustainability indices ranging from 74.29 percent (sustainable with a fair level) to 93.79 percent (very sustainable). Therefore, sustainability improvements in these farming activities must focus on technological aspects, with an emphasis on technological attributes that offered valuable insights for the government in formulating policies and programs.
Environmental Management
N. Laili; T. Djatna; N.S. Indrasti; M. Yani
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The coffee agroindustry in Indonesia plays a significant economic role as the third largest coffee producer worldwide. Despite the high economic contribution, the coffee agroindustry also raises environmental issues along its supply chain. Coffee solid waste constitutes biomass ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The coffee agroindustry in Indonesia plays a significant economic role as the third largest coffee producer worldwide. Despite the high economic contribution, the coffee agroindustry also raises environmental issues along its supply chain. Coffee solid waste constitutes biomass containing useful compounds promising as raw materials for added-value products through the implementation of industrial symbiosis. Eco-industrial parks create value through industrial symbiosis, emphasizing the principle of a closed-loop production system, simultaneously decreasing the use of raw materials and waste. This study aimed to analyze and develop a coffee-based eco-industrial park design via a systems engineering approach and optimization of industrial symbiosis in closed-loop coffee production.METHODS: This study employed a case study in the Ketakasi coffee-producing center in Jember, Indonesia. Data collection was conducted through field observation and a series of in-depth interviews. The development of eco-industrial park design followed a systems engineering methodology, as demonstrated through the utilization of Business Process Model and Notation. Subsequently, the optimization of industrial symbiosis within eco-industrial parks was realized using a mixed-integer linear programming mathematical model.FINDINGS: The eco-industrial park design presents the actors, internal business processes, material and data exchanges, various actors’ interdependence and critical roles in material exchanges, and value creation processes using valorization within the eco-industrial park. The role of the Ketakasi cooperative as a facilitator of material exchange and manager of the eco-industrial park is pivotal. The utilization of data integration enhances the transparency and efficiency of information exchange among eco-industrial park participants, promoting predictability and reliability in material exchange. The application of the mixed-integer linear programming optimization model has provided a structured approach to maximizing the value creation within the eco-industrial park through the valorization of 72.3 percent of coffee pulp and 68.5 percent of spent coffee grounds into cellulase enzymes and ultraviolet shields.CONCLUSION: This paper presents a structured framework for efficiently managing material exchange processes within an eco-industrial park, contributing to environmental sustainability and economic value creation. This study contributes to the knowledge gap in the literature by developing an inclusive eco-industrial park design that facilitates the optimization of the value creation process through valorization technology. This study also adds to sustainable agriculture management literature through a coffee-based eco-industrial park design.
Environmental Management
. Komalawati; S. Hidayat; R.H. Praptana; M.D. Pertiwi; A.S. Romdon; Y. Hidayat; R.P. Ramadhan; D. Yuniati; . Saptana; . Syahyuti; N. Khaririyatun; S. Ika; R.K. Jatuningtyas; . Subiharta; R.N. Hayati; S. Sudarto; M.P. Yufdy; B. Nuryanto; A. Prasetyo
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The Indonesian Government is promoting sorghum as an alternative commodity to substitute wheat. The cultivation of this commodity on dryland is initiated in forestry areas through social programs. This study aimed to analyze the economic feasibility, perception of farmers, ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The Indonesian Government is promoting sorghum as an alternative commodity to substitute wheat. The cultivation of this commodity on dryland is initiated in forestry areas through social programs. This study aimed to analyze the economic feasibility, perception of farmers, and environmental sustainability of sorghum-eucalyptus agroforestry in Majalengka.METHODS: This study innovatively combined qualitative and quantitative methods to assess economic, social, and environmental aspects across five dimensions, namely business organization, actors, working mechanisms, economic impacts, and sustainability of business and environment. Data were collected through focus group discussions and interviews with questionnaires, containing 5 dimensions and 23 attributes. The data collected were analyzed using the revenue-cost ratio, Likert scale, and scoring formulation, as well as multi-dimensional scale method. The level of environmental sustainability status and leverage attributes were examined using the Rapfish program and Monte Carlo analysis.FINDINGS: Sorghum-eucalyptus agroforestry was economically feasible with a revenue-cost ratio value higher than one. Farmers’ perceptions regarding the five dimensions of sorghum-eucalyptus were positive except for the operational mechanisms, and business and environmental sustainability. A distinfuished area of unfavorable perception was the use of sorghum waste as a substrate for renewable energy. The environmental sustainability index for sorghum-eucalyptus agroforestry was categorized as low except for the economic (61.9) and actor (52.3) which attained the moderately sustainable. The results showed that the sustainability analysis using multi-dimensional scale could be used as a guide in formulating strategies for enhancing and developing sorghum-eucalyptus agroforestry in the future.CONCLUSION: The problems in this study were related to the institutional governance of agroforestry business. The inclusion of the community, government, and private sector was unequal in carrying out the sustainability function of each dimension. The challenge for the future was proper and sustainable management of development efforts to realize economic sustainability, add value for society, and ensure environmental sustainability in agroforestry areas.
Environmental Management
A. Prabowo; R.N. Hayati; S. Minarsih; B. Haryanto; D.D. Ludfiani; A. Supriyo; S. Subiharta; E. Nurwahyuni; Y. Hindarwati; M.N. Setiapermas; S. Sudarto; S. Samijan; B. Utomo; E. Winarn; N.D. Suretno; W. Wibawa; S. Agustini; A. Prasetyo; F.R.P. Hantoro; W. Hariyanto; V.E. Aristya
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sorghum is a grain-producing commodity with the seeds being a food source, while the leaves, stems, and bran serve as animal feed. The productivity depends on the specific variety, environment, infrastructure, and technology used. Sorghum cultivation in Indonesia is carried ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sorghum is a grain-producing commodity with the seeds being a food source, while the leaves, stems, and bran serve as animal feed. The productivity depends on the specific variety, environment, infrastructure, and technology used. Sorghum cultivation in Indonesia is carried out primarily using agroforestry or monoculture. Despite not being as popular compared to rice and corn due to the prevalence of these staples in Indonesian diets, sorghum has the potential to replace corn because its cultivation is easier and the results are more profitable. Therefore, this study aimed to determine sustainability index and potential of sorghum for food and feed by identifying dimensions and attributes that influence sustainability.METHODS: This study was conducted at Raji, Demak, Central Java, Indonesia in 2023. Data were collected through focus group discussions and structural questionnaires consisting of 28 attributes associated with environmental, social, economic, and technological dimensions. Multidimensional scaling method and Rapfish software were used for data analysis. Monte Carlo analysis was used to ascertain sustainability level and attributes leverage, as well as check errors and variations in assessment.FINDINGS: The results showed that sustainability index of sorghum for food and feed was 79.67, categorized as very sustainable. Analysis across four dimensions showed that the social dimension had the highest (83.80) sustainability index, followed by the technological (82.28), economical (77.46), and environmental (75.15) dimensions. A total of 12 attributes were found to greatly affect sustainability. These included land availability, the efficiency of water used, the prevention of natural resource exploitation, motivation level, minimal interference with primary agricultural activities, community acceptance, productivity, sales profit level, ease of sale and cultivation, tools availability, and technological sensitivity.CONCLUSION: Sustainability index of sorghum for food and feed was categorized as very sustainable with a value of 79.67. This index consisted of the environmental (75.15), social (83.80), economical (77.46), and technological dimensions (82.28). The average productivity at the study site was 6-7 tons per hectare, with a production potency of 300-350 tons per year. Additionally, the potency of sorghum stover production was 471.8 ton per year of dry matter and could be used as feed for 163 animal units per year
Environmental Management
S. Sumiyati; B.P. Samadikun; A. Widiyanti; M.A. Budihardjo; S. Al Qadar; A.S. Puspita
Abstract
Agricultural waste recycling is crucial for sustainable farming operations and farming practices. Life cycle assessment has emerged as an innovative and comprehensive viewpoint that considers the entire recycling process to evaluate the potential and true implications of agricultural waste recycling. ...
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Agricultural waste recycling is crucial for sustainable farming operations and farming practices. Life cycle assessment has emerged as an innovative and comprehensive viewpoint that considers the entire recycling process to evaluate the potential and true implications of agricultural waste recycling. This study considered methods for recycling different agricultural waste streams, such as crop waste, animal manure, pruning materials, and by-products and subsequent uses. Furthermore, the life cycle assessment method was used to investigate the process of handling agricultural waste, from collection and recycling to final usage in the agricultural system. Environmental impact categories, including greenhouse gas emissions, energy usage, eutrophication, acidification, and land use, were evaluated to determine their potential effects on climate change, resource depletion, and ecosystem health. The results were compared with those of 31 studies that analyzed the potential environmental impacts of agricultural waste management. Various methods initially developed and implemented for agricultural waste landfilling methods have now changed to energy-generating sources, such as biochar, biogas, briquettes, and various energy production methods. Furthermore, composting, a popular method of recycling agricultural waste, significantly lowers greenhouse gas emissions and energy use compared to traditional waste disposal techniques. The study also examines cutting-edge technologies, such as anaerobic digestion and biomass-to-energy conversion, highlighting their potential to manage agricultural waste and being a sustainable energy source. These findings indicate potential environmental advantages in terms of decreased greenhouse gas emissions and fossil fuel consumption, leading to a circular economic approach for agriculture. When integrating agricultural waste, including composting, anaerobic digestion, and pyrolysis, biochar is highlighted as a waste recycling method that is promising for sustainable waste management. In addition to efficiently managing agricultural waste, these technologies help generate electricity and sequester carbon, thereby advancing the objectives of climate change mitigation and circular economy. Although life cycle assessment has been used to analyze several waste management strategies, including those specific to agricultural waste, certain significant gaps and discoveries still require attention for a more thorough analysis. It might be challenging to gather complete and accurate data to assess the entire lifecycle of agricultural waste management technology. The direct environmental effects of waste management are frequently the focus of life cycle assessment studies, but they may overlook secondary effects such as indirect land use change, habitat damage, and biodiversity effects. It is crucial to consider these secondary effects in a more comprehensive analysis.
Environmental Management
A.D. Santoso; T. Handayani; R.A. Nugroho; A.I. Yanuar; N. Nadirah; E.S. Rohaeni; E. Widjaja; M.A.M. Oktaufik; U. Ayuningtyas; Y.P. Erlambang; R. Herdioso; M.N. Rofiq; R. Hutapea; A.L. Sihombing; B. Rustianto; I.M.A.D Susila; D. Irawan; D. Iskandar; S. Indrijarso; G.D. Widiarta
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Most food waste is dominated by domestic activities consisting of large numbers of organic pollutants, such as nitrogen and phosphate potentially hazardous to the environment. Domestic waste can be used as a feed source in black soldier fly cultivation with utility in pollutant ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Most food waste is dominated by domestic activities consisting of large numbers of organic pollutants, such as nitrogen and phosphate potentially hazardous to the environment. Domestic waste can be used as a feed source in black soldier fly cultivation with utility in pollutant removal, animal feed production, and compost fertilizer. Therefore, this study aimed to determine sustainability of larvae from black soldier fly cultivation by calculating and analyzing index.METHODS: Data collection was conducted using the scientific judgment of experts and business actors in black soldier fly through Focus Group Discussion and the filling out of questionnaires consisting of 31 attributes connected with environment or ecology, economics, social, and technology dimensions. Furthermore, the data were calculated using the multi-dimensional scale approach with rapid appraisal software. Sustainability status and leverage attributes were analyzed by Monte Carlo analysis, and alternating least-squares algorithm.FINDINGS: Sustainability index for larvae of black soldier fly production was 89.69 percent. The result suggested that the technique in several stages of operation including waste collection, cultivation, harvesting, and commercialization contributed to sustainability development when the elements of strength of each dimension are considered. From the analysis of the four dimensions, economic dimension had 100 percent or maximum leverage value. The environmental and social dimensions had the same leverage values of 92.02 percent, while the technological dimension had 74.74 percent. The results indicated that management experiences and techniques, potential for odor generated, family member involvement, productivity level, and managers level, warrant further attention to improve sustainability of black soldier fly production.CONCLUSION: Production, productivity, land conversion, and population were identified as significant or dominating factors impacting the supply framework of black soldier fly production by the intended investigation inside the display ponders. Therefore, study should be encouraged to effectively integrate black soldier fly biomass as a value-added component in an ideal environmental, social, economic, and technical system. The results are significant in providing insights into the possibility of feasible black soldier fly biomass production in Indonesia, which can inform government policies and programs.
Environmental Management
L.A. Omarbakiyev; S.M. Kantarbayeva; A.K. Nizamdinova; S.T. Zhumasheva; G.Zh. Seitkhamzina; A. Saulembekova
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Geopolitical risks have made significant changes in the integration ties between the countries of Central Asia, which has affected the sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex and food security. The adoption of urgent measures to improve food security, on the ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Geopolitical risks have made significant changes in the integration ties between the countries of Central Asia, which has affected the sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex and food security. The adoption of urgent measures to improve food security, on the one hand, is a necessary condition for the development of the Republic of Kazakhstan, but on the other hand, it can lead to a decrease in the level of environmental security in the country if the possible consequences in the reintegration process are not considered. Therefore, this article aimed to examine the sustainable agriculture practices implemented in Kazakhstan’s agro-industrial complex to improve food security and reduce the environmental impact of agriculture.METHODS: To collect information, a mixed research strategy combining qualitative and quantitative methods was used. The collection of information was carried out in the summer of 2022 and consisted of three stages. In the first stage, statistical information was collected; in the second stage, a correlation analysis was carried out; and in the third stage, a survey of 40 experts was conducted.FINDING: The data obtained indicate that the efficiency of Kazakhstan’s agricultural production strongly and directly depends on the level of the country’s integration into the united Eurasian Economic Union market. Due to the geographical features of Kazakhstan’s location, it is necessary to develop areas that are primarily focused on the internal capabilities of the country. Internal changes will help the industry increase international competitiveness and efficiency while promoting sustainable development and ensuring food security and environmental safety.CONCLUSION: The article determined that it is necessary to prioritize developing multilateral partnerships to address transportation and logistics challenges in the export and import of agricultural products, and reduce dependence on the import of seeds, breeding products, fodder, and agricultural machinery. However, to effectively promote these areas, it is necessary to improve food security through the introduction of sustainable agriculture practices, such as crop diversification, conservation agriculture, integrated pest management, and drip irrigation.
Environmental Management
D.P. Darmawan; G.M.K. Arisena; A.A.A.W.S. Djelantik; A.A.K. Krisnandika; N.L.M.I.M. Dewi; N.T. Lukpitasari Korri; N.M.C. Sukendar
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The high need for tourism-supporting infrastructure has impacted the increasing conversion of land functions in Denpasar City, Indonesia. The lack of agricultural areas in Denpasar City has motivated farmers to continue farming. Farmer motivation to do farming will collide ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The high need for tourism-supporting infrastructure has impacted the increasing conversion of land functions in Denpasar City, Indonesia. The lack of agricultural areas in Denpasar City has motivated farmers to continue farming. Farmer motivation to do farming will collide with obstacles in carrying out agricultural activities in Denpasar City. The purpose of this study was to examine the motivations and obstacles faced by farmers in carrying out agricultural activities. This research is relevant to the journal scope of Sustainable Agriculture Management, Urban, and Built Environmental Management.METHODS: This study was carried out in Denpasar City in Indonesia, where each sub-district in Denpasar City will be selected by one Subak. The selection of Subak was based on the Subak with the most farmers in each sub-district in Denpasar City. The selected subak were Pakel 1 Subak, Kerdung Subak, Temaga Subak, and Margaya Subak. The population in this study was 672 people. The respondents in this study were 87 people. The data collection method was carried out using structured and in-depth interviews using questions and points while face-to-face between the interviewer and the respondent, via a prepared questionnaire. This study uses two variables with 41 indicators. The analytical methods used to point to objectives one, two, and three are descriptive quantitative and descriptive qualitative methods. Goal four is “Build a model for dealing with obstacles to farming in urban areas.” The fourth objective was analyzed descriptive qualitative based on the results of the analysis of objectives one, two, and three.FINDINGS: The study results show that the motivation to continue farming is caused by demands to work, not having another job to get help from other parties, a healthy work environment, the ability to take lessons from previous farming experience affect product quality, and work in nature. The obstacles for farmers to continue farming are the bargaining position of farmers in selling products, market information obtained by farmers is still minimal, and market absorption of the products produced is not maximized.CONCLUSION: Based on the results of the research, several things deserve to be concluded. The number of dependents of a farming family is more than six because there are still children of farmers already working but still being supported by their parents for their primary needs, and most of the farmers do farming in an area of 0.21 – 0.60 hectares. The motivation to keep farming is caused by the demands to work, not having another job to get help from other parties, a healthy work environment, and the ability to take lessons from the previous farming experience affecting product quality and work in nature. The obstacles for farmers to continue farming are the bargaining position of farmers in selling products, market information obtained by farmers is still minimal, and market absorption of the products produced is not maximized.
Environmental Management
. Nurliza
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Indonesia is the second largest natural rubber producer, which it gets primarily from smallholders. However, smallholders are less and less competitive because of unsustainable agricultural practices, while there is huge potential for sustainable natural rubber. This study ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Indonesia is the second largest natural rubber producer, which it gets primarily from smallholders. However, smallholders are less and less competitive because of unsustainable agricultural practices, while there is huge potential for sustainable natural rubber. This study aimed to measure the effect of income and smallholder characteristics on cultivation, harvesting, and post-harvest management.METHODS: Mixed methods with non-probability sampling were used for 100 natural rubber smallholders in Kapuas Hulu Regency, West Kalimantan, Indonesia, one of the regional centers of Indonesian natural rubber. Partial least square path modeling was used with SmartPLS software to estimate the complex cause-effect relationships of smallholder and farm factors for adopting sustainable agricultural practices.FINDINGS: The effect of the relationship between income and smallholder characteristics on cultivation and income on post-harvest management was not significant. Age and education affected some harvesting parameters, such as tapping knives, bamboo and clean latex collection, and latex stimulus risk, and some post-harvest parameters, such as a risk of acid coagulation and storage. The worker's income source, based on off-farm, on-farm, or non-farm activities, affected harvesting parameters, including tapping knives, bamboo and clean latex collection, and latex stimulus risk. CONCLUSION: This study offers empirical evidence for sustainable agriculture management. The acceptance of sustainable cultivation and management of rubber practices uses smallholder and farm factors as constraints since they do not form a homogenous group, and the theory of planned behavior failed to provide an effective way to explain the behaviors. Good agricultural practices must be used at all steps, including cultivation, harvesting, and post-harvest management, to prevent problems.
Environmental Management
R. Daneshvar rad; H. Heidari Sharifabad; M. Torabi; R. Azizinejad; H.R. Salemi; M. Heidari Soltanabadi
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The stress caused by dryness can affect plant growth and physiology. Several coping mechanisms (recovery, avoidance, tolerance and drought escape) have been developed to mitigate the impact of drought stress, and most strategies involve survival during stress condition. ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The stress caused by dryness can affect plant growth and physiology. Several coping mechanisms (recovery, avoidance, tolerance and drought escape) have been developed to mitigate the impact of drought stress, and most strategies involve survival during stress condition. The aim of this study was to compare the morphological and physiological characteristics of two varieties of sorghum forage (Pegah and Speedfeed) under drought stress conditions in order to provide beneficial and functional recommendations to farmers in the study area.METHODS: This study was performed as a spit-plot plot in a complete randomised design with 3 replications for two years in Esfahan, Iran. Experimental treatments included drought stress at three levels for two varieties of sorghum. Mechanisms of sorghum response to drought stress, including physiological and morphological alterations, were also proposed. Treatment means were compared by the Duncan test at 5% and 1% levels of probability. The statistical analysis was applied to the data using the R software.FINDING: Lower irrigation showed a gradual decrease in plants height, number of leaves per plant, stem diameter, nitrogen and crude protein, with an increase in the length and weight of their panicle. Compared to Pegah variety, Speedfeed cultivar with 12% increase enhanced the contents of chlorophyll (1.7 times) in the two years of experiment. It could be concluded that Speedfeed variety exhibited better yield and quality characteristics against drought stress compared to Pegah variety. Considering the tolerance index and the harmonic mean index, Pegah showed the highest sensitivity to drought stress.CONCLUSION: This study indicated that sorghum had several adaptive mechanisms for dealing with drought stress, so that it could be applied as a suitable alternative for other crops with higher water needs such as Zea.
Environmental Management
V. Dhayalan; K. Sudalaimuthu
Abstract
Rapid human population growth and its consequences of food shortage become a significant concern in recent decades across the world. The untold reasons behind this food shortage were industrialization, urbanization, modern civilization, etc., where the agricultural land has been deployed. With the decreasing ...
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Rapid human population growth and its consequences of food shortage become a significant concern in recent decades across the world. The untold reasons behind this food shortage were industrialization, urbanization, modern civilization, etc., where the agricultural land has been deployed. With the decreasing farmland and its cultivation, food productivity declined drastically and failed to serve the world's vast human population. The present challenge is to increase productivity with the least agricultural land. Thus, excessive chemical fertilizer has been used to quickly turn out more outstanding food production, leading to more significant damages to soil ecosystem and human health. Henceforth, bio-fertilizers find the best alternatives to chemical fertilizers. This study focuses on complete nature of plant growth Promoting rhizobacteria, which is used in bio fertilizers for sustainable agricultural productivity and everlasting soil fertility. The characteristics of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and its role in plant growth and formulation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria biofertilizers have been revealed through intensive literature. The consortium information collected from various literatures brings the unique findings that plant growth promoting rhizobacteria is the natural boon to the global agriculturist. This study discusses plant growth promoting rhizobacteria bacterial strains' role in protecting the soil from various biotic and abiotic stresses, regulating plant growth and its role in producing biofertilizers. Besides, it is transformed into commercial products. Eventually, the future trends and research in plant growth promoting rhizobacteria bio inoculants that promote sustainable agriculture have been elucidated. The microorganism is the bio fertilizer's main ingredients, promoting the soil nutrients for efficient plant growth and increasing food productivity. Although many microorganisms efficiently contribute to the soil nutrients, this review narrows down to the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria study. Beneficial bacterium plays a vital role in nutrient mineralization and productivity among the various microorganisms. Bio fertilizers containing beneficial bacteria were economically viable and readily available in nature. This review reveals the complete essence of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and its part in bio fertilizers.
Environmental Management
T.T. Tran; Y.M.T. Nguyen; L.T. Pham; B.K. Veettil; S.N. Hoang; Q.X. Ngo
Abstract
The Lo Go-Xa Mat is a national park in the southeastern region of Vietnam, which has a particularly high biodiversity and it includes different wetlands which are unique diverse in species composition. It can be categorized into two types: temporarily-seasonally and permanently flooded wetlands. Ta Not ...
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The Lo Go-Xa Mat is a national park in the southeastern region of Vietnam, which has a particularly high biodiversity and it includes different wetlands which are unique diverse in species composition. It can be categorized into two types: temporarily-seasonally and permanently flooded wetlands. Ta Not grassy marsh is representative of the seasonally flooded wetland. Whilst the diversity and ecology of plants and mammals are well documented, little or no information of the benthic ecology in the seasonally flooded wetland exist. This study aims to provide a new database of the nematode’s structure in the seasonally flooded wetland and its relation with environmental variables as well as detection of the ecological quality, considering nematodes as bioindicators. This work is the first investigation on nematodes communities in associate with some environmental variables in the Ta Not grassy marsh. The results showed that free-living nematodes in the Ta Not seasonally flooded grassy marsh are characterized by the high density (ranged from 235.01 to 898.43 inds.10cm-2) but rather low diversity. More specifically, the genus richness (S) ranged from 8.20 to 8.60. The observed Margalef’s species richness (d) was ranging from 1.07 to 1.53 and the Shannon-Wiener index (H') was measured from 2.36 to 2.52. In addition, the Pielou's evenness (J′) ranged from 0.55 to 0.68 and the Hill indices indicated average values ranging between 5.46- 5.84 for N1, between 4.32-4.60 for N2, and between 2.64-2.86 for Ninf. Specifically, our results indicated that deep level, pH, and NH4+ showed a significant correlation with the nematode density and bio-indices. The sediment of the Ta Not grassy marsh was assessed as in good conditions in all stations based on the Maturity Index of nematodes.
Environmental Management
V. G. Shcherbak; L. Ganushchak-Yefimenko; O. Nifatova; N. Fastovets; G. Plysenko; L. Lutay; V. Tkachuk; O. Ptashchenko
Abstract
This study provides a multidimensional analysis of sustainable socio-economic development and its challenges in the rural areas of Ukraine. The methodology of realization of sustainable development’s conceptual provisions was created. The advantages of using indicative assessment at the regional ...
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This study provides a multidimensional analysis of sustainable socio-economic development and its challenges in the rural areas of Ukraine. The methodology of realization of sustainable development’s conceptual provisions was created. The advantages of using indicative assessment at the regional level were justified. The methodical approach how to define the indicators of sustainable development (including economic, socio-demographic, labor and environmental domains) of rural areas was proposed. Statistical data, experts’ and rural residents’ evaluation were used to assess the level of socio-economic development of rural areas. The proposed system of indicators is applicable not only to the rural areas of the whole region, but also to its different parts. The tracking model is based on the consistent use of economic, mathematical and expert methods: SWOT-analysis, factor, cluster and discriminant analysis. The construction of the dendrogram allows to determine the type of representative for each cluster. The modeling of sustainable socio-economic development for each sample is applicable to all areas within same cluster. A representative sample from each cluster makes it possible to identify the presence in the region of the so-called "points of growth" and to forecast their development. Two scenarios are considered: maximum (the share of GRP accumulation growth 21.2%) and moderate (the share of GRP accumulation growth 10.6%). GDP Gross Domestic Product growth will differentiate by the type of activity: cluster 1 (agriculture, hunting and forestry) 13% increase; cluster 2 (trade, service and household services) 21% increase; cluster 3 (tourism and international cooperation) 18% increase; cluster 4 (processing industry) 8% increase. Therefore, the using of key indicators for monitoring the sustainable development of rural areas provides an opportunity to take into account the specifics of sustainable development of different specialization branches of rural areas that will support high economic and social growth in the future.
Environmental Management
S. Kvasha; N. Davydenko; A. Ivanko; Z. Titenko
Abstract
The goals of the article are a definition of patterns of change in demand and supply of milk and dairy in the market of Ukraine and revealing the regularities of establishing of partial equilibrium state. The scientific methods which used in the process of the research: simulation was used for defining ...
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The goals of the article are a definition of patterns of change in demand and supply of milk and dairy in the market of Ukraine and revealing the regularities of establishing of partial equilibrium state. The scientific methods which used in the process of the research: simulation was used for defining trends of supply and demand changing and their balancing in the dairy market; economic and statistical method was used for estimation of tendencies of production and consumption of dairy products in Ukraine; analysis and synthesis were used to find out the reasons that determine the trends of supply and demand changes; tabular and graphical methods were used for clearness of the image of the obtained research results; abstract-logical method was used for the formulation of conclusions. Results of the researching: Trends of demand and supply changes in the dairy market in the 2016 year was estimated. Specifics of establishing the state of partial equilibrium in that market were characterized relative to the main groups of its participants as producers and consumers. Development of methodological and practical aspects of features of establishing the state of market equilibrium in the dairy market, unlike existing, is based on a model basis is still actual. The practical significance of those results consists in working out of the tool of justification of managerial decisions for assessing the state and creating regulatory measures for sectoral development.
Environmental Management
T. Kalashnikova; І. Кoshkalda; O. Тrehub
Abstract
The sectoral structure of most agricultural enterprises is unbalanced and uncoordinated, which underlies the need in deepened research of its improvement. This paper is dedicated to the formation and evaluation of the sectoral structure with the use of mathematical methods of data processing. Mathematical ...
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The sectoral structure of most agricultural enterprises is unbalanced and uncoordinated, which underlies the need in deepened research of its improvement. This paper is dedicated to the formation and evaluation of the sectoral structure with the use of mathematical methods of data processing. Mathematical economic modeling based on optimization and simulation models has been applied for the formation and evaluation of sectoral structure in agricultural enterprises. The approbation of the aforementioned models has been carried out in a certain agricultural enterprise. The simulation modeling has been used to develop a production model by the types of products that enterprise does not produce (milk, fish products and honey). The optimization model has been developed taking into account the rational use of the enterprise’s land with the prospect of livestock sector development. Obtaining the maximum net income (proceeds) from products sales has been chosen as the optimality criterion. According to calculations, the maintenance of cows is unprofitable; the production of fish and honey is profitable. Due to the diversification of the sectoral structure, the enterprise’s profitability level will increase from 16.6 to 45.8 percent. The implementation of optimization and simulation models allows to assess the existing level of sectoral structure in agricultural enterprise and to form its optimal sectoral structure with ensuring the rational use of resources and obtaining profit.
Environmental Management
N. Shibaeva; T. Baban; V. Prokhorova; O. Karlova; O. Girzheva; M. Krutko
Abstract
Ukrainian agriculture creates 12-14% of GDP. Ensuring the conditions for sustainable economic development implies the use of adequate mechanisms for regulating economic processes by the government. In the process of formation and implementation of the organizational and economic mechanism of regulatory ...
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Ukrainian agriculture creates 12-14% of GDP. Ensuring the conditions for sustainable economic development implies the use of adequate mechanisms for regulating economic processes by the government. In the process of formation and implementation of the organizational and economic mechanism of regulatory policy, a system of indicators plays an important role in assessing the impact of such policy on the participants, monitoring and, in case of the deviation from planned results, adjusting regulatory measures. This research analyzes and systematizes the indicators that determine the organizational and economic mechanism of regulatory policy effectiveness in agriculture. The systematization of indicators to evaluate the organizational and economic mechanism of regulatory policy effectiveness in agriculture has allowed substantiating the methodological principles of its integrated assessment. Application of the proposed methodological approach to assessing the organizational and economic mechanism of regulatory policy effectiveness in agriculture in Ukraine was performed during 2010, 2016-2017 period. It revealed slow progress in the organizational and economic mechanism of regulatory policy efficiency during the investigated period. This result is primarily attributed to the lack of purposeful, systematic change management, the lack of mid-term planning, the strictness of most programs, imperfect financial instruments of the organizational and economic mechanism, and procedures for application.
Environmental Management
O. Panukhnyk; N. Popadynets; Y. Fedotova
Abstract
The present study investigates the socio-economic nature of the issue of food provision in the consumer market of Ukraine. It is entity content and main macroeconomic functions oriented at production, sales, and consumption of food, undertaken by the state to maintain the ongoing process of social reproduction ...
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The present study investigates the socio-economic nature of the issue of food provision in the consumer market of Ukraine. It is entity content and main macroeconomic functions oriented at production, sales, and consumption of food, undertaken by the state to maintain the ongoing process of social reproduction and security guaranteeing in the country. It is hypothesized that the change in income of the population, Consumer Price Index, total expenditures of households on food and agricultural production per capita have the largest influence on food provision of the consumer market in the country. Based on the system approach the authors suggest their understanding of the factor determinants grouped by certain features, which influence the condition of food provision of the consumer market in the country. Application of factor grouping method contributed to the identification of parameters that show the links of economic factors and the condition of food provision. Correlation-regression analysis allowed revealing and assessing the dependence of the level of main food products’ consumption in the country on the major groups of factor determinants. The assessment of standardized regression coefficients contributed to determining the input of each suggested factor in the condition of food provision of the consumer market. The strong interrelation between socio-economic factors and the volumes of consumption of main food groups by the Ukrainian population, in particular, vegetable and animal products, is found. The results of the conducted analysis confirm that the condition of food provision at consumer market depends on how efficient the mechanisms of macro- and microeconomic regulation of trade and food policy of Ukraine are.
