Document Type : SPECIAL ISSUE
Authors
1 Department of Science and Bioinnovation, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, 73140, Thailand
2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In Thailand, bacterial wilt is one of the most severe diseases that affects pathumma, also known as Curcuma alismatifolia Gagnep. Biological control was proposed to control this disease with antagonistic bacteria. The current study was conducted to screen for antagonistic microorganisms capable of inhibiting the pathogenic bacteria and to evaluate the beneficial effect of antagonistic bacteria on pathumma in vivo.
METHODS: Antagonistic bacteria were isolated from soil samples obtained from several locations in Thailand and screened for antibacterial activity. Next, the optimal conditions for the growth of antagonistic bacteria were determined. The production of anibacterial substances were then characterized. The potential of antagonistic bacteria to reduce the growth of plant pathogens was evaluated under greenhouse conditions.
FINDINGS: In total, 102 bacterial isolates were isolated using tryptic soy medium. After evaluating their capacity to inhibit the growth of the wilt-causing bacteria using the paper disc diffusion assay, it was found that three bacterial isolates, Bacillus subtilis SP15, Pseudomonas mosselii SP38, and Pseudomonas mosselii SP46 showed high ability to inhibit growth of the wilt-causing bacteria Enterobacter asburiae JK1, JK2, JK3, JK4, E. dissolvens JK5 and E. hormachei JK6. The optimal conditions for all antagonistic bacterial isolates were 25 or 30 degrees Celcius, at potential of hydrogen 7-8 in modified tryptic soy medium containing 0.5 percent (weight /volume) glucose or sucrose and 1.5 or 2 percent (weight/volume) peptone. The antagonists were able to produce siderophores and phenazines. Under greenhouse experiments, the mixed cultures of antagonistic bacterial isolates could reduce the wilt disease incidence, and the number of pathogenic bacteria declined compared with the diseased control plants. In addition, it was discovered that soil materials provided the best carrier materials for the successful formulation of the mixed culture of antagonistic bacteria.
CONCLUSION: This study revealed that the selected antagonists were beneficial for controlling wilt disease in pathumma. This is the first scientific study on the control of wilt-disease causing Enterobacter spp. in C. alismatifolia Gagnep. in Thailand using antagonistic bacteria. It is expected that these antagonistic bacteria be useful in wilt disease management in the field for friendly and sustainable agriculture
Graphical Abstract
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Highlights
- This work shows an effective biological control of bacterial wilt disease in Curcuma alismatifolia in Thailand with the disease incidence reduction of 70-100%;
- Bacillus subtilis SP15, Pseudomonas mosselii SP38 and Pseudomonas mosselii SP46 are potential antagonists due to it has high ability to control growth of bacterial wilt disease;
- The antagonists could produce siderophores and phenazine derivatives that are high potential antimicrobial sunstances used for biocontrol;
- This work can be developed into dried formulation of antagonistic products that benefit for plants and soil was the most eligible carrier material for all antagonistic bacteria.
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