Modeling of peatland fire risk early warning based on water dynamics

Kartiwa, B.; Maswar, .; Dariah, A.; Suratman, .; Nurida, N.L.; Heryani, N.; Rejekiningrum, P.; Sosiawan, H.; Adi, S.H.; Lenin, I.; Nurzakiah, S.; Tafakresnanto, Ch.

doi:10.22034/GJESM.2023.09.SI.14

Document Type : SPECIAL ISSUE

Authors

¹ Limnology and Water Resources Research Center, Indonesian Agency for National Research and Innovation, Indonesia

² Horticulture and Estate Crops Research Center, Indonesian Agency for National Research and Innovation, Indonesia

³ Research Center for Food Crops, Indonesian Agency for National Research and Innovation, Indonesia

https://doi.org/10.22034/GJESM.2023.09.SI.14

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To minimize the potential risk of land fires, climate monitoring and hydrology characterization are crucial factors in managing peatlands. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relation between climate variability and water dynamics to develop a peatland fire early warning model.
METHODS: This research was conducted in an oil palm plantation located in Pangkalan Pisang village, Koto Gasib subdistrict, Siak district, Riau province, Indonesia. Herein, the observed parameters were climate and dynamics of ground water level and soil moisture, which were monitored using data loggers installed on predefined representative locations and distributed over three blocks of 30 hectares in the palm oil plantation research site. Thus, the peat fire early warning model was developed based on the relation between peat water dynamics and the recorded history of peat fire events.
FINDINGS: Herein, a recession curve analysis of soil moisture and ground water level revealed the relation between soil water dynamics and local climate. Consequently, this study found that soil moisture was the suitable parameter to estimate peat fire risk owing to its predictability. Furthermore, this study has identified a threshold of low and high peat fire risk in the area with less than 104 percent and 129 percent dry weight of soil moisture content, respectively. Afterward, this soil moisture criterion was transferred into precipitation value to develop a peat fire early warning model for estimating the days left before a high peat fire risk status was attained based on the latest daily rainfall rates.
CONCLUSION: This study has developed a simple peat fire early warning model using daily precipitation data. The accurate estimation of countdown days to peat fire susceptibility status in an area would enhance fire mitigation strategies in peatlands.

Graphical Abstract

Highlights

In comparison to ground water level dynamic, soil moisture was proven to be more suitable to estimate peatland fire risks due to its higher predictability;
Analysis on the recorded peat water dynamics data showed a significant correlation between the previous day of antecedent precipitation index and soil moisture data;
An early warning model to estimate the time to anticipate risks of peatland fires based on the previous day rainfall intensity has been successfully developed.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Environmental Modeling

OPEN ACCESS

©2023 The author(s). This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

PUBLISHER NOTE

GJESM Publisher remains neutral concerning jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

CITATION METRICS & CAPTURES

CURRENT PUBLISHER

GJESM Publisher

References

Anda, M.; Ritung, S.; Suryani, E.; Sukarman; Hikmat, M.; Yatno, E.; Mulyani, A.; Subandiono, R.E.; Suratman; Husnain, (2021). Revisiting tropical peatlands in Indonesia: Semi-detailed mapping, extent and depth distribution assessment. Geoderma, 402: 115235 (14 pages).

Azri, (1999). Sifat kering tidak balik tanah gambut dari Jambi dan Kalimantan Tengah: Analisis berdasarkan kadar air kritis, kemasaman total, gugus fungsional COOH dan OR-phenolat. Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor.

Cobb, A.R.; Harvey, C.F., (2019). Scalar Simulation and Parameterization of Water Table Dynamics in Tropical Peatlands. Water Resour. Res., 55(11): 9351–9377 (27 pages).

Cobb, A.R.; Hoyt, A.M.; Gandois, L.; Eri, J.; Dommain, R.; Abu Salim, K.; Kai, F.M.; Haji Su’ut, N.S.; Harvey, C.F., (2017). How temporal patterns in rainfall determine the geomorphology and carbon fluxes of tropical peatlands. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(26): E5187–E5196 (10 pages).

Dekker, L.W.; Doerr, S.H.; Oostindie, K.; Ziogas, A.K.; Ritsema, C.J., (2001). Water Repellency and Critical Soil Water Content in a Dune Sand. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 65(6): 1667–1674 (8 pages).

Evans, C.D.; Williamson, J.M.; Kacaribu, F.; Irawan, D.; Suardiwerianto, Y.; Hidayat, M.F.; Laurén, A.; Page, S.E., (2019). Rates and spatial variability of peat subsidence in Acacia plantation and forest landscapes in Sumatra, Indonesia. Geoderma, 338: 410–421 (12 pages).

Frandsen, W.H., (1997). Ignition probability of organic soils. Can. J. For. Res., 27(9): 1471–1477 (7 pages).

Georgakakos, K.P.; Baumer, O.W., (1996). Measurement and utilization of on-site soil moisture data. J Hydrol., 184(1–2): 131–152 (22 pages).

Herdiansyah, H.; Frimawaty, E., (2021). Palm oil plantation waste handling by smallholder and the correlation with the land fire. Global J. Environ. Sci. Manage., 7(1): 89-102 (14 pages).

Horton, A.J.; Lehtinen, J.; Kummu, M., (2022). Targeted land management strategies could halve peatland fire occurrences in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Commun. Earth Environ., 3(1): 204 (11 pages).

Hussain, F.; Wu, R.S.; Shih, D.S., (2022). Water table response to rainfall and groundwater simulation using physics-based numerical model: WASH123D. J. Hydrol.: Reg. Stud., 39: 100988 (27 pages).

Koehler, M.A.; Linsey, R.K., (1951). Predicting the runoff from storm rainfall. No. 34, Weather Bureau Research Papers. Washington DC, USA.

Kurniasari, E.; Nurhayati, N.; Akbar, A.A., (2021). Intensitas curah hujan dan fluktuasi muka air tanah di kawasan lahan gambut di jalan reformasi Kota Pontianak. J. Teknik Sipil, 21(2) (4 pages).

Maryani; Suryatmojo, H.; Imron, M.A.; Saputra, N.; Saliqin, D.; Arfri, R.A.; Satriagasa, M.C., (2020). Relation of groundwater level and rainfalls in the peat swamp forest, burned peatland and mixed plantation areas of Kampar Peninsula, Riau Province. IOP Conference series: Earth and Environmental Science, 533(1): 012012 (19 pages).

Miettinen, J.; Hooijer, A.; Wang, J.; Shi, C.; Liew, S.C., (2012). Peatland degradation and conversion sequences and interrelations in Sumatra. Reg. Environ. Change. 12(4): 729–737 (9 pages).

Moorberg, C.J.; Crouse, D.A., (2021). Soils Laboratory Manual: K-State Edition, Version 2.0. New Prairie Press, Kansas State University Libraries, Manhattan, Kansas.

Moyano, F.E.; Manzoni, S.; Chenu, C., (2013). Responses of soil heterotrophic respiration to moisture availability: An exploration of processes and models. Soil Biol. Biochem., 59: 72–85 (14 pages).

Nash, J.E.; Sutcliffe, J.V., (1970). River flow forecasting through conceptual models 1: A discussion of principles, J. Hydrol., 10(3): 282–290 (9 pages).

Nikonovas, T.; Spessa, A.; Doerr, S.H.; Clay, G.D.; Mezbahuddin, S., (2022). ProbFire: a probabilistic fire early warning system for Indonesia. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22(2): 303–322 (20 pages).

Nugraha, M.I.; Annisa, W.; Syaufina, L.; Anwar, S., (2016). Capillary water rise in peat soil as affected by various groundwater levels. Indones. J. Agric. Sci., 17(2): 75–83 (9 pages).

Nugroho, A.A.; Iwan, I.; Khuma, I.N.A.; Farchan, H.R., (2019). Peatland Forest Fire Prevention Using Wireless Sensor Network Based on Naïve Bayes Classifier. KnE Soc. Sci., (15 pages).

Page, S.E.; Rieley, J.O.; Banks, C.J., (2011). Global and regional importance of the tropical peatland carbon pool. Global Chang Biol., 17(2): 798–818 (21 pages).

Penman, H.L., (1948). Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering, 193(1032): 120–145 (26 pages).

Prasasti, I.; Boer, R.; Ardiyansyah, M.; Buono, A.; Syaufina, L.; Vetrita, Y., (2013). Analyzis of Relationship Between Hotspot, FDRS and Burned Area in Central Kalimantan. J. Nat. Resour. Environ. Manage., 3(1): 91–101 (11 pages).

Prat, N.; Hadden, R.; Rein, G.; Belcher, C.; Yearsley, J., (2013). Effect of peat moisture content on smouldering fire propagation. In: Proceedings of 4th Fire Behavior and Fuels Conference, North Carolina, USA: International Association of Wildland Fire, Missoula, Montana, USA (3 pages).

Pribadi, A.; Kurata, G., (2017). Greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions from land and forest fire in Indonesia during 2015 based on satellite data. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 54: 012060 (9 pages).

Rein, G.; Cleaver, N.; Ashton, C.; Pironi, P.; Torero, J.L., (2008). The severity of smouldering peat fires and damage to the forest soil. Catena, 74(3): 304–309 (6 pages).

Rodelo-Torrente, S.; Torregroza-Espinosa, A.C.; Moreno Pallares, M.; Pinto Osorio, D.; Corrales Paternina, A.; Echeverría-González, A., (2022). Soil fertility in agricultural production units of tropical areas. Global J. Environ. Sci. Manage., 8(3): 403-418 (16 pages).

Romero, D.; Torres-Irineo, E.; Kern, S.; Orellana, R.; Hernandez-Cerda, M.E., (2017). Determination of the soil moisture recession constant from satellite data: a case study of the Yucatan peninsula. Int. J. Remote Sens., 38(20): 5793–5813 (21 pages).

Rossita, A.; Witono, A.; Darusman, T.; Lestari, D.P.; Risdiyanto, I., (2018). Water table depth fluctuations during ENSO phenomenon on different tropical peat swamp forest land covers in Katingan, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 129: 012001 (10 pages).

Samimi, M.; Mohammadzadeh, E.; Mohammadzadeh, A., (2023). Rate enhancement of plant growth using Ormus solution: optimization of operating factors by response surface methodology. Int. J. Phytoremediation, 1-7 (7 pages).

Soil Survey Staff, (2014). Keys to soil taxonomy, 12th ed. USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington DC (327 pages).

Spessa, A.; Petropoulos, G.; Petropoulos, G.; di Giuseppe, F.; Imron Ali, M.; Suryatmojo, H.; Nurrochmat, D.; Susando, A.; Mezbahuddin, S.; Tribolet, C., (2018). Towards a Fire Early Warning System for Indonesia (ToFEWSI). In: 20th EGU General Assembly, EGU2018. EGU, Vienna, Austria, 19481 (1 page).

Mezbahuddin, S.; Nikonovas, T.; Spessa, A.; Grant, R.F.; Imron, M.A.; Doerr, S.H.; Clay, G.D., (2023). Accuracy of tropical peat and non-peat fire forecasts enhanced by simulating hydrology. Sci. Rep., 13(619): 1–10 (10 pages).

Szajdak, L.; Szatylowicz, J., (2010). Impact of drainage on hydrophobicity of fen peat-moorsh soils. Mires and Peat, 6: 158–174 (17 pages).

Tallaksen, L.M., (1995). A review of baseflow recession analysis. J. Hydrol., 165:349-370 (22 pages).

Taufik, M.; Veldhuizen, A.A.; Wösten, J.H.M.; van Lanen, H.A.J., (2019). Exploration of the importance of physical properties of Indonesian peatlands to assess critical groundwater table depths, associated drought and fire hazard. Geoderma, 347: 160–169 (10 pages).

Taufik, M.; Setiawan, B.I.; van Lanen, H.A.J., (2015). Modification of a fire drought index for tropical wetland ecosystems by including water table depth. Agric. For. Meteorol., 203: 1–10 (10 pages).

Toebes, C.; Morrisey, W.B.; Shorter, R.; Hendy, M., (1969). Base flow recession curves. In: Handbook of Hydrological Procedures: Procedure No.8.

Turan, F.; Turgut, M., (2021). Evaluation of genotoxic potential induced by marine cage culture. Global J. Environ. Sci. Manage., 7(1): 79-88 (10 pages).

Valat, B.; Jouany, C.; Riviere, L.M., (1991). Characterization of the wetting properties of air-dried peats and composts. Soil Sci., 152(2): 100–107 (8 pages).

Van Liew, M.W.; Veith, T.L.; Bosch, D.D.; Arnold, J.G., (2007). Suitability of SWAT for the conservation effects assessment project: A comparison on USDA-ARS experimental watersheds. J. Hydrol. Eng., 12(2): 173-189 (17 pages).

Wakhid, N.; Nurzakiah, S.; Nurita, N.; Zainudin, Z., (2019). Ground water level and soil temperature variation on tropical peatland in El Niño year. Agriculture, 30(2): 103–110 (8 pages).

Winarna; Murtilakso, K.; Sabiham, S.; Sutandi, A.; Sutarta, E.S., (2016). Hydrophobicity of tropical peat soil from an oil palm plantation in North Sumatra. J. Agron., 15(3): 114–121 (8 pages).

Wösten, J.H.M.; Clymans, E.; Page, S.E.; Rieley, J.O.; Limin, S.H., (2008). Peat–water interrelationships in a tropical peatland ecosystem in Southeast Asia. Catena, 73(2): 212–224 (13 pages).

Yazaki, T.; Urano, S.; Yabe, K., (2006). Water balance and water movement in unsaturated zones of Sphagnum hummocks in Fuhrengawa Mire, Hokkaido, Japan. J. Hydrol., 319(1–4): 312–327 (16 pages).

Yulianti, N.; Barbara, B.; Firdara, E.K., (2014). A satellite-based early warning system for peatland fires toward sustainable palm oil in Indonesia. In: Prosiding 35th Asian Conference on Remote Sensing (27-31 October 2014). Asian Association on Remote Sensing, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar.

Letters to Editor

GJESM Journal welcomes letters to the editor for the post-publication discussions and corrections which allows debate post publication on its site, through the Letters to Editor. Letters pertaining to manuscript published in GJESM should be sent to the editorial office of GJESM within three months of either online publication or before printed publication, except for critiques of original research. Following points are to be considering before sending the letters (comments) to the editor.

[1] Letters that include statements of statistics, facts, research, or theories should include appropriate references, although more than three are discouraged.
[2] Letters that are personal attacks on an author rather than thoughtful criticism of the author’s ideas will not be considered for publication.
[3] Letters can be no more than 300 words in length.
[4] Letter writers should include a statement at the beginning of the letter stating that it is being submitted either for publication or not.
[5] Anonymous letters will not be considered.
[6] Letter writers must include their city and state of residence or work.
[7] Letters will be edited for clarity and length.

Name *

Email Address *

Affiliation *

Comments *

Security Code *

Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management

Modeling of peatland fire risk early warning based on water dynamics

References

References

Letters to Editor

Send comment about this article

Volume 9, Special Issue (Eco-Friendly Sustainable Management)
November 2023
Pages 233-250

Modeling of peatland fire risk early warning based on water dynamics

References

References

Letters to Editor

Send comment about this article

Volume 9, Special Issue (Eco-Friendly Sustainable Management)November 2023Pages 233-250

Volume 9, Special Issue (Eco-Friendly Sustainable Management)
November 2023
Pages 233-250