GJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management2383-35721420151001Prospecting for geothermal energy through satellite based thermal data: Review and the way forward2652741420110.7508/gjesm.2015.04.001ENF. HowariCollege of Sustainability and Human Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab EmiratesJournal Article20150715Geothermal investors need to be confident with the methods and results of exploration programs. Also cutting the upfront cost of geothermal exploration will further encourage investors to consider investment in this emerging clean energy field. Hence, it is of paramount importance to improve prospecting techniques in order to explore where economic concentrations of geothermal energy are to be expected. The current study evaluates different approaches for downscaling thermal data from remote sensing images together with factors in surface and subsurface environment. The paper discusses case studies, the challenge and the way forward for geothermal prospecting as well as practical solutions to discrepancy that faces the mapping and documentation of spatial geothermal anomalies. It also discusses main criteria that should be considered while prospecting for geothermal energy.GJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management2383-35721420151001An investigation on heavy metals in soils around oil field area2752821405410.7508/gjesm.2015.04.002ENA.R. KarbassiGraduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 1455-6135, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-9300-7620S. TajziehchiDepartment of Environmental science, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranS. AfsharDepartment of Environmental Science, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Khuzestan, IranJournal Article20150702Oil and pollutants resulting from its extraction and exploitation are considered as one of the serious problems for human health. Vast oil fields of Ahvaz City located in southern Iran are known as one of controversial subjects in contamination with heavy metals. In this study, oil fields' soils of Ahvaz city (Ab-Teymour) were chemically analyzed in order to determine the concentration of eight heavy elements (Cu, Ni, V, Co, Cd, Zn, Mo and Pb) and intensity of contamination. The area was divided into 12 plots with respect to proximity to drilled oil wells as well as the existing flares. The results show that concentration of studied metals is higher than earth’s crust mean values. According to Muller’s geochemical index, intensity of contamination varies from unpolluted to highly polluted ones. These highly polluted areas require methods such as phytoremediation more than ever. By comparing list of local plants with that of heavy metals absorbing plants and given the local climate, a suitable absorbing plant for each of the existing heavy metals was recommended. GJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management2383-35721420151001Effect of automobile pollution on chlorophyll content of roadside urban trees2832961384110.7508/gjesm.2015.04.003ENM. IqbalDepartment of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, PakistanM. ShafiqDepartment of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan0000-0002-0488-8946S. ZaidiDepartment of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, PakistanM. AtharCalifornia Department of Food and Agriculture, 3288 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, CA 95832, USAJournal Article20150329The effect of automobile pollution was determined on chlorophyll content of four different tree species viz. <em>Azadirachta indica</em> L., <em>Conocarpus erectus </em>L.<em>, Guiacum officinale </em>L.and <em>Eucalyptus</em> sp. growing along the roads of the city. Significant changes in the level of chlorophyll “a”, chlorophyll “b” and total chlorophyll “a+b” were found in the leaves of four tree species (<em>A. indica, C. erectus, G.officinale</em> and <em>Eucalyptus </em>sp.) collected from polluted sites (Airport, Malir Halt, Quaidabad) as compared to control site (Karachi University Campus). Lowest concentration of chlorophyll “a”, chlorophyll “b” and chlorophyll “a+b” was recorded in the leaf samples of all tree species collected from Quaidabad site when compared with the leaf samples collected from control site. The highest levels of chlorophyll pigment were recorded in all tree species leave samples collected from Karachi University Campus. Similarly, better levels of chlorophyll “a”, chlorophyll “b” and total chlorophyll “a+b” was observed in all tree species growing at Airport site as compared to plants growing at Malir Halt and Quaidabad sites. This study clearly indicated that the vehicular activities induced air pollution problem and affected on the level of chlorophyll pigments in trees which were exposed to road side pollution.GJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management2383-35721420151001Removal of contaminants in a paper mill effluent by Azolla caroliniana2973041420210.7508/gjesm.2015.04.004END. SivakumarDepartment of Civil Engineering, Vel Tech High Tech Dr.Rangarajan Dr.Sakunthala Engineering College, Avadi, Chennai 600062, Tamil Nadu, India0000-0001-5228-0145J. NouriSchool of Environmental Health Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-9982-3546Journal Article20150727This study was focused on removal of various parameters in paper mill effluent using a method called bioremediation by <em>Azolla caroliniana</em>. The experimental investigations have been carried out using <em>Azolla caroliniana</em> for conducting the sorption study with various dilution ratios (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10), pH (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9) and biomass (200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 g). The maximum removal percentage of TDS, BOD and COD in a paper mill effluent was obtained at the optimum dilution ratio of 6, pH of 8 and biomass of 800 g. The results of this study indicated that the maximum removal percentage of TDS, BOD and COD in a paper mill effluent was 82.3 %, 88.6 % and 79.1 % respectively. Also, the study focused on uptake of TDS, BOD and COD in paper mill effluent by <em>Azolla caroliniana</em> through bioaccumulation factor and translocation factor. The results of bioaccumulation factor revealed that TDS, BOD and COD in paper mill effluent were adsorbed by <em>Azolla caroliniana</em>. The results of translocation factor revealed that the roots of <em>Azolla caroliniana</em> translocate the TDS, BOD and COD in a paper mill effluent to the shoots of <em>Azolla caroliniana</em>. From the results, this study concluded that bioremediation by <em>Azolla caroliniana</em> could be effectively used for removing TDS, BOD and COD in a paper mill effluent. This study also suggested that <em>Azolla caroliniana</em> may be used for removing various contaminants, not only from paper mill effluent, but also from any other industrial effluents.GJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management2383-35721420151001Marine debris surveys on four beaches in Rizhao City of China3053141383810.7508/gjesm.2015.04.005ENC. ZhouCollege of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, Shandong, P.R. ChinaX. LiuNational Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing 100081, P.R. ChinaZ. WangCollege of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, Shandong, P.R. ChinaT. YangCollege of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, Shandong, P.R. ChinaL. ShiCollege of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, Shandong, P.R. ChinaL. WangCollege of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, Shandong, P.R. ChinaL. CongCollege of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, Shandong, P.R. ChinaX. LiuCollege of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, Shandong, P.R. ChinaJ. YangCollege of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, Shandong, P.R. ChinaJournal Article20150513Compared with USA, UK, Brazil, Indonesia, Australia, etc., marine debris research in China has received less attention and few studies have attempted to quantify the abundance and mass of marine debris. In this paper, the abundance, composition and source of beached marine debris, and debris collection system and frequency as well as dustbins’ conditionwere investigated in Duodaohai, Wanpingkou, Shanhaitian and National Forest Park beaches of Rizhao City from June 1 to 10, 2013. Based on these surveys, following conclusions were obtained: In four coastal beaches surveyed, the mean number and weight densities were 25.91 items/100m<sup>2</sup> and 341.39 g/100m<sup>2</sup>, respectively. Most of the BMD in the aforementioned beaches originated directly from land sources. There were two kinds of debris collection systems in these beaches at present; dustbins sometimes were not enough to be used in the swimming period.We hope that our study will be helpful to raise the level of environmental consciousness among people and to expand their anti-debris activities.GJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management2383-35721420151001A comparative study for air pollution tolerance index of some terrestrial plant species3153241384010.7508/gjesm.2015.04.006ENR.N. LoheDepartment of Environmental Science, Uttaranchal College of Science and Technology, Dehradun, IndiaB. TyagiDepartment of Environmental Science, Uttaranchal College of Science and Technology, Dehradun, IndiaV. SinghDepartment of Environmental Science, Uttaranchal College of Science and Technology, Dehradun, IndiaP. TyagiGrass Roots Research and Creation India (P) Ltd., Noida, IndiaD.R. KhannaDepartment of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri University Haridwar, IndiaR. BhutianiDepartment of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri University Haridwar, IndiaJournal Article20150218Although water and land pollution are very dangerous, air pollution has its own peculiarities due to its transboundary dispersion of pollutants over the entire world. In any well planned urban set up, industrial pollution takes a back seat and vehicular emissions take precedence as the major cause of urban air pollution. In the present study, Air pollution tolerance index was calculated for various plant species growing at two sites Nagal village at Sahastradhara Road and the Clock Tower (the experimental site) of Dehradun city, India. The leaf samples were collected from 7 commonly present tree species. The results showed significant effects of various air pollutants on the vegetation in terms of four biochemical parameters analysed. Four physiological and biochemical parameters, which are leaf relative water content, Ascorbic acid content, total leaf chlorophyll content and leaf extract pH were used to compute the air pollution tolerance index values. Statistically significant difference was observed between control and experimental group for Ascorbic acid, t(6)=-4.848,p=.003. Paired t test for air pollution tolerance index between the two groups showed a statistically significant difference, t (6) = -4.548, p=.004. On the basis of air pollution tolerance index values for above mentioned seven tree species, <em>Eucalyptus globus</em> exhibited the highest degree of tolerance at all the sites followed by <em>Ficus religiosa</em> > <em>Mangifera indica </em>> <em>Polyalthia longifolia</em> > <em>Phyllanthus emblica </em>> <em>Citrus limon </em>> <em>Lantana camara</em>. GJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management2383-35721420151001Environmental problems indicator under environmental modeling toward sustainable development3253321424010.7508/gjesm.2015.04.007ENP. SutthichaimetheeDepartment of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, ThailandW. TanoamchardDepartment of Human resource management, Faculty of Management and Tourism, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, ThailandP. SawangwongDepartment of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, ThailandP PachanaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, ThailandN. Witit-AnunDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, ThailandJournal Article20150722This research aims to apply a model to the study and analysis of environmental and natural resource costs created in supply chains of goods and services produced in Thailand, and propose indicators for environmental problem management, caused by goods and services production, based on concepts of sustainable production and consumer behavior. The research showed that the highest environmental cost in terms of Natural Resource Materials was from pipelines and gas distribution, while the lowest was for farming coconuts. The highest environmental cost in terms of Energy and Transportation was for iron and steel. The highest environmental cost in the category of Fertilizer and Pesticides was for oil palm. For Sanitation Services, the highest environmental cost was movie theaters. Overall, the lowest environmental cost for all categories, except Natural Resource Materials, was for petroleum and refineries. Based on the cost index, coconut farming gained the highest Real Benefit to the farm owner, while pipelines and gas distribution had the lowest Real Benefit. If Thailand were to use a similar environmental problem indicator, it could be applied to formulate efficient policy and strategy for the country in three areas, namely social, economic, and environmental development.GJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management2383-35721420151001Nitrogen use efficiency and life cycle of nodules in alfalfa after different mineral fertilization and soil cultivation3333391384210.7508/gjesm.2015.04.008ENV. VasilevaInstitute of Forage Crops-Pleven,
Department Technology and Ecology of Forage Crops, 89 General Vladimir Vazov Street. Pleven 5800, Bulgariahttp://orcid.org/000I. PachevInstitute of Viticulture and Enology, 1, Kala Tepe Street, Pleven, 5800, BulgariaJournal Article20150529Nitrogen use efficiency and life cycle of root nodules in alfalfa after different mineral fertilization and soil cultivation practices were studied. Field trial was conducted in the Institute of Forage Crops, Pleven, Bulgaria on leached chernozem subsoil type and no irrigation. The next treatments were tested: i) for fertilization as follows: N0P0K0 (control); N60P100K80 (an accepted technology); N23P100K35 (nitrogen was applied 1/2 in first year of growing and 1/2 in third year); N23P100K35 (nitrogen was supplied pre-sowing); N35P80K50, and Аmophose - 250 kg/ha, calculated at fertilizing rates N27P120K0; ii) for soil cultivation as follows: soil loosing 10-12 cm, plough at depth 12-15 cm, 22-24 cm (an accepted technology), 18-22 cm and 30-35 cm. It was found that soil cultivation and mineral fertilization had effect on nitrogen use efficiency and life cycle of root nodules in Alfalfa. Nitrogen use efficiency was found to be highest at N23P100K35 and plough at the depth of 22-24 cm. Life cycle of root nodules was the longest at N35P80K50 and plough at the depth of 18-22 cm. The better root mass to nodule number ratio was found at N23P100K35 and plough at the depth of 22-24 cm.